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Prerenal causes of acute kidney injury include all of the following except:

________________________ is an abnormal concentration of nitrogenous waste in the blood.

Which of the following symptoms are associated with a peptic ulcer perforation?  Select all that apply.

You are seeing a 56-year-old woman being evaluated for fatigue and abnormal menses.  You review her CBC results and suspect which underlying blood disorder? Result Reference Range WBC 4.6 k/mcL 4.0-10.0 k/mcL RBC 3.0 million cells/mcL 4.0-5.4 million/mcL (female) 4.5-6.1 million/mcL (male) Hemoglobin 9.2 g/dL 11.5-15.5 g/dL (female) 13-17 g/dL (male) Hematocrit 27.6% 36-48% (female) 40-55% (male) MCV 58 fL 80-100 fL MCH 18 pg 27-31 pg

Isaac’s arterial blood gas values are pH, 7.27; PaCO2, 55 mmHg; HCO3, 20 mEq/L; PaO2, 33 mmHg.  What do the blood gas results indicate for this patient?

**Extra Credit** Indicate which factors contribute to hypokalemia or hyperkalemia.

Metabolic is a common clinical disturbance characterized by a low pH due to an increased H+ concentration and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration.

Jim is a 45-year-old male from Leadville, Colorado is being evaluated for a routine physical.  CBC results are as follows.  What underlying blood disorder do you suspect? Result Reference Range WBC 7.5 k/mcL 4.0-10.0 k/mcL RBC 8.6 million cells/mcL 4.0-5.4 million/mcL (female) 4.5-6.1 million/mcL (male) Hemoglobin 25.3 g/dL 11.5-15.5 g/dL (female) 13-17 g/dL (male) Hematocrit 68.4% 36-48% (female) 40-55% (male) MCV 90 fL 80-100 fL MCH 29 pg 27-31 pg

Interpret the patient’s blood gas results.

The nurse is caring for a patient with type I diabetes who is having severe vomiting and diarrhea.  Which condition that exhibits blood values with a low pH and low plasma bicarbonate concentration should the nurse assess for.