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A 22-year-old volleyball player with scapular dyskinesis is performing an overhead serve during a return-to-sport assessment. The PTA observes early scapular elevation, reduced upward rotation, and trunk extension during ball contact. Which of the following movement impairments most likely contributes to this faulty serving pattern?

A total shoulder reconstruction patient has a home exercise program that emphasizes scapular stabilizer strengthening.  Which of the following muscles would NOT contribute to the upward rotational force couple?

A 50-year-old patient with adhesive capsulitis demonstrates significantly limited external rotation and abduction. The supervising PT has directed the PTA to perform grade III joint mobilizations. Which glenohumeral mobilization technique is most appropriate to improve external rotation?

A patient with adhesive capsulitis is in the “frozen” stage, reporting minimal pain but significant loss of motion, particularly in external rotation and abduction. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention during this stage of recovery?

In MMT of the serratus anterior muscle (grade 5), a PTA would place the patient in:

The surgeon has told a patient that they sustained a Bankart lesion when they dislocated their shoulder.  The patient asks the PTA what a Bankart lesion is.  The PTA would be correct in telling the patient:

Which of the following is an example of a power grip?

A classical clinical sign of ___ is pain at the anatomical snuffbox and a positive Finkestein’s test.

A patient experiencing LB pain is using the pool to perform some stretches.  Which of the following would benefit this patient?

During a shoulder assessment, the PTA observes a visible indentation below the acromion when downward traction is applied to the patient’s arm in a seated position. This finding is documented as a positive sulcus sign. What does this most likely indicate?