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All of the below are considered vasodilators that increase GFR EXCEPT

Cortical nephrons have a loop of Henle that do not extend deep into the medulla.

A valvular impairment that results in an incomplete opening of the valve

The most important mechanism of secretion is active transport.

Chemoreceptors in the atrium sense PCO2 levels and can stimulate hyperventilation.

You decide to go to a haunted house and a monster scares you so much that you lose control of your bladder. This uncontrolled urination is called [inc1]. 

After eating asparagus, a person urinated at a rate of 5 mL/min and had a urine concentration of mercaptan of 50 mg/mL (mercaptan is the foul smelling substance in the urine after consumption). The remaining plasma concentration of mercaptan was 10 mg/mL. The clearance of mercaptan (REMEMBER YOUR CLEARANCE EQUATION) was

Filtration occurs throughout the day, which normally averages [gfr1] L/day. Of the amount of plasma filtered, only about [gfr2] L makes it to the bladder.

The functional unit of the kidney includes all the following EXCEPT

The insertion of water channels in the collecting duct is inhibited by