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The expiratory muscles (i.e. the rectus abdominus and transverse abdominus) become active:  

A 78 year-old male presents to your multi-disciplinary clinic for a baseline evaluation of speech and swallowing function. The medical history is significant for progressive weakness of the right arm and leg. Additionally, examinations reveal hyperreflexia and weakness of the right lower face, right lingual fasciculations and diffuse atrophy. Perceptually, the patient’s vocal quality is strained. The patient exhibits signs of pseudobulbar affect and denies knowledge of his deficits. C. You also want to look at cough and swallowing function in this patient. You identify the following:           Difficulty with bolus formation oral residue, vallecular and pyriform                 sinus residue, intermittent penetration to the vocal folds,           intermittent silent aspiration, and reduced extent and duration of           the UES. List two swallowing-specific treatment techniques you may recommend to address these deficits. (2 points).

A LMN lesion of CN XII will cause the tongue to deviate ipsilateral to the side of the lesion; whereas an UMN of CN XII will cause the tongue to deviate to the contralateral side of the lesion.

Hyperkinetic dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that represents damage to what primary level of Van der Merwe’s framework?

A 65 year-old male presents to the Emergency Department (ED) following a fall at home. Two days following admission you receive a consult for a bedside evaluation of speech-language and swallowing function. Based on chart review, his neurological exam is significant for: Adequate force through the orofacial structures. Reduced speed of appendicular and axial movement, reduced range of motion, and difficulty initiating movements across orofacial structures. C. What tools would you use to evaluate this patient? Justify your answer. (2 points).      

The phenotype of vestigial (short) wings (vg) in Drosophila melanogaster is caused by a recessive mutant gene that independently assorts with a recessive gene for hairy (h ) body. Assume that a cross is made between a fly with normal wings (homozygous) and a hairy body and a fly with vestigial wings and normal body hair (homozygous). The wild-type F1 flies were crossed among each other to produce 1024 offspring. How many of the F2 flies would you expect to have normal wings and a hairy body?

The only haploid cells in animals are:

this is a media commentAUDIO CASE: Please read the questions below first and then listen to the audio file to help you answer the questions below.  A 69 year-old female presents to your clinic reporting gradual worsening of speech function over the last two years. Her medical history is otherwise unavailable to you.  A. Based on the audio sample, list at least two perceptually deviant speech characteristics that you hear (2 points) and tell me what speech subsystem (i.e. respiratory, laryngeal, velopharyngeal, etc.) each feature highlights for you (2 points). B. What motor speech diagnoses do you think most accurately describes this patient (1 point)?

The true-breeding plants Mendel worked with had what type of genotype?

Given the parent cell shown below, which cell or group of cells represents metaphase II?