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What type of biological molecule does endpoint PCR detect? 

Your team has now completed the genome sequence of a fifth strain, Strain E. You find that Strain E’s genome  has two unique properties: first, it has no pilE gene. Second, it has a gene for a new toxin, protease toxin Z, not found in Strains A-D. How does adding Strain E change the core genome and pan genome?

This is a diagram of the central dogma in a eukaryotic cell. The boxes represent molecules and the arrows represent process.  What does box “d” represent?

Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria use the same signaling molecules, which allows them to “talk” with each other.

Yersinia enterocolitica is a bacterium that causes serious food-borne illness. During infection, Y. enterocolitica tightly attaches to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).  This experiment compares the ability of 3 Y. enterocolitica strains to attach to IECs.  “The ability of wild type Y. enterocolitica (WT), a yadA mutant, and a complement strain to attach to IECs was measured.” What is this type of experiment (comparing WT, mutant, and complement) called?

Name a specific protein made only by a eukaryote. Also name the eukaryote. 

Imagine you are studying cell signalling in a particular type of cancer. You want to know whether two specific signalling proteins are interacting with each other in the nucleus of cancerous cells. Which of the following techniques is most appropriate for addressing this question? 

Archaeoglobus fulgidus is a prokaryote that lives in hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor. It produces an enzyme (a protein) called APS reductase, which allows it to use certain minerals as an energy source. Which of the following is true about A. fulgidus APS reductase? Select all correct answers.

A huge variety of microbes live together in different parts of the world’s oceans. The graph below represents microbial communities found in surface waters and deep sea waters of two different oceans, and on the ocean floor. The different colors represent different groups of microbes.   Which of the following best describes the Mediterranean surface community compared to the Pacific surface community?

The fundamental ethic of health care is that a sick person must receive care. What risk does this place on the health care worker?