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You saw a video in which a researcher conducted a series of experiments to understand how a mutation affecting yeast mitochondria functioned. In the first experiment, he was seeking to determine whether the mutation (present in the -MPC yeast) 1) prevented pyruvate from getting inside the mitochondrion -or- 2) prevented the mitochondrion from breaking down pyruvate into Acetyl CoA properly. To test his hypothesis that the mutation had an effect on pyruvate’s ability to get inside the mitochondrion, he exposed normal yeast and mutant yeast to pyruvate for a period of them, before isolating and lysing the mitochondria of each set, and testing their mitochondrial extracts for levels of these products. If he had gotten the following result indicated in this image, what would this indicate?

The “Bcl2” gene was first identified in B cell lymphoma cancer cells, where a chromosome translocation causes excessive production of Bcl2 protein (which suppresses apoptosis). How does excess Bcl2 protein suppress apoptosis in B-cell lymphoma tumors?

Microtubules are always assembled with ____________ facing towards the plus end

What is the function of tight junctions in the epithelial cells lining the gut lumen?

A researcher experimentally reduces the level of Ca++ in a developing chicken embryo just before the neural tube closes. You know that neural tube closure requires a functional “adhesion belt” in order to form. What do you hypothesize will happen?

The following is TRUE about how alpha tubulin and beta tubulin interact with GTP except:

TRUE or FALSE: LOSS of specific cell-cell junctions is required for proper embryonic development. 

What structures are highlighted in the diagram? 

What conformation does Myosin II have to be in for the trailing edge of a migrating cell to retract? 

What form of signaling happens during extrinsic apoptosis?