Four-year-old Daniel is presented with the story of Holly in…

Four-year-old Daniel is presented with the story of Holly in one of Selman’s perspective-taking exercises. Daniel says that he would not save the kitten because he has allergies to kittens and that his father would not save the kitten because he probably has allergies, too. Which of Selman’s stages does this type of thinking represent?

Shown in the image below are two neurons, A and B. The synap…

Shown in the image below are two neurons, A and B. The synapse between neuron A and B is excitatory. The yellow action potential in the image occurs in the post-synaptic neuron, B. At the time indicated by the red arrow an action potential arrives at the presynaptic terminal of the pre-synaptic neuron, A.  The action potential that occurs in the pre-synaptic neuron (A) at the time of the red arrow is: