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Cell mediated immunity Involves the destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells, or the destruction of intracellular pathogens by macrophages

T cells require both stimulatory and Co-stimulatory signals to be  activated. However, they can still become activated without the co-stimulatory signal.

Maturation of monocytes into macrophages, dendritic cells and B-lymphocytes takes place in blood.

The alternative pathway acts as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity

Which of the following is a feature of innate immunity?0.5

The most important cytokines in innate immunity against viruses are: 

Naïve T-cells in secondary lymphoid organs can differentiate into effector and memory T-cells in the absence of an antigen. 

Effector B cells are called cytotoxic B-cells

In the absence of antigen-induced activation, naive B cells in the periphery have a short life span, dying within a few weeks by apoptosis.

Use the fact that the trigonometric functions are periodic to find the exact value of the expression. Do not use a calculator.sin 855°