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A 6-year-old male is brought to the Emergency Department after being rescued from a house fire. He is coughing, has hoarseness, and nasal hairs are singed. Oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Which of the following is the most important immediate concern in this patient?

A 7-year-old female is admitted to the general pediatrics team with pneumonia. A chest x-ray is obtained finding a focal consolidation to the right lower lobe. Oxygen saturation is 88% on room air. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiological reason as to why the child is hypoxemic despite having adequate ventilation in other lung regions on the chest x-ray?

You are taking care of a 14-year-old male with status asthmaticus. He is currently intubated, sedated, and being treated with continuous albuterol, steroids, cisatracurium infusion, and ketamine infusion. His current ventilator settings show a PIP of 36, PEEP of 5, TV 6 ml/kg, RR of 12, iTime 1.5, and FiO2 of 45%. A plateau pressure is measured and is 22. His most recent arterial blood gas is as following: pH 7.38 CO2 80 O2 65 What would be the most appropriate next step in managing this patient?

The most common initial clinical presentation of bacterial community acquired pneumonia includes:

A 2 year old with a history of extreme prematurity, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and tracheostomy with chronic ventilator support presents with acute hypoxemia and increased work of breathing. Parents report thick secretions over the past 24 hours. On exam, the child is tachycardic and has decreased breath sounds. Despite suctioning, oxygen saturations remain low. Which of the following should be highest on your differential diagnosis?

You are admitting a 3-month-old female who weighs 3.5 kg who is a former 29 week gestation infant. She is being admitted for respiratory distress with likely bronchiolitis. She is tachypneic with RR of 80 and is having frequent brief apneic episodes that respond quickly to tactile stimulation. Currently on 2 L oxygen via simple nasal cannula. Which is the best next step in management?

A 15-year-old female admitted for treatment of new-onset acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is transferred to the PICU with acute hypoxemia, pleuritic chest pain, and tachycardia. She has a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in place for chemotherapy. CT angiography confirms a pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following best represents the factors from Virchow’s triad that likely contributed to her PE?

A 10 year old boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is associated with weakened respiratory muscles, is admitted with pneumonia and worsening hypercapnic respiratory failure. His ABG while on 2L nasal cannula is: pH 7.28 PaCO2 62mmHg PaO2 70mmHg He is alert and cooperative with mild to moderate work of breathing. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial choice of respiratory support?

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