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Mrs. Linda Carter is a 60-year-old African American female who presents to the clinic for follow-up on her hypertension management. She was recently started on a new hypertension medication two weeks ago. Today, she reports experiencing swelling in her lips and face that developed suddenly this morning. She denies difficulty breathing, rash, or hives but is concerned about the swelling. It’s determined that she is experiencing angioedema.   Vital Signs: Blood Pressure: 142/88 mmHg Heart Rate: 82 bpm Respiratory Rate: 18 breaths/min Oxygen Saturation: 98% on room air Medical History: Hypertension (diagnosed 1 year ago) Hyperlipidemia   What medication most likely caused the angioedema? 

Mike pays $1 to enter a raffle. He was hoping to win an autographed photograph of a famous baseball player, but instead he won a red UW-Madison t-shirt.  He already has about twenty red UW-Madison t-shirts and he probably wouldn’t have paid even 25 cents for another one. Mike’s friend Patrick sees that Mike is disappointed to have won the t-shirt and so the next day Patrick asks if he could buy the t-shift from Mike for $5. Mike thinks about it and says that he wouldn’t sell the t-shirt for less than $20.   This scenario illustrates what decision-making error?

Patient presents to the clinic with a blood pressure level that is considered “resistant hypertension.” Patient is currently implementing lifestyle changes and taking lisinopril/amlodipine + Hydrochlorothiazide.  What would be the appropriate treatment approach for this patient? 

A 60-year-old African American female presents for follow-up. She has a history of uncontrolled hypertension with current readings averaging 150/92 mmHg. She has no diabetes, no chronic kidney disease, and no history of heart failure or stroke. She reports occasional swelling in her ankles but no other symptoms. Which of the following medications would be the most appropriate initial therapy for this patient?

Patient Profile:Mr. John Smith is a 52-year-old male who presents for a routine check-up. He reports occasional headaches and increased stress at work but denies chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness. His BMI is 28 kg/m². He has a family history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Vital Signs: Blood Pressure: 138/86 mmHg Heart Rate: 78 bpm Respiratory Rate: 16 breaths/min BMI: 28 kg/m² Current Medications: None Social History: Smokes 5 cigarettes per day Drinks alcohol occasionally Sedentary lifestyle Based on Mr. Smith’s blood pressure reading, what stage of hypertension does he fall under according to the ACC/AHA guidelines?

Patient Profile:Mr. John Smith is a 52-year-old male who presents for a routine check-up. He reports occasional headaches and increased stress at work but denies chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness. His BMI is 28 kg/m². He has a family history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Vital Signs: Blood Pressure: 138/86 mmHg Heart Rate: 78 bpm Respiratory Rate: 16 breaths/min BMI: 28 kg/m² Current Medications: None Social History: Smokes 5 cigarettes per day Drinks alcohol occasionally Sedentary lifestyle Based on Mr. Smith’s blood pressure reading, what stage of hypertension does he fall under according to the ACC/AHA guidelines?

Patient presents to the clinic with a blood pressure level that is considered “resistant hypertension.” Patient is currently implementing lifestyle changes and taking lisinopril/amlodipine + Hydrochlorothiazide.  What would be the appropriate treatment approach for this patient? 

A certain facility produces drill bits which are made of either steel, cobalt, or diamond. Suppose that 60% of the drill bits are steel, 25% are cobalt, and 15% are diamond. Further, suppose that 10% of the steel drill bits fail, 5% of the cobalt drill bits fail, and 1% of the diamond drill bits fail. What is the probability that a drill bit fails?  

Mr. David Reynolds is a 55-year-old male who presents for hypertension management. He has no current medications but was recently diagnosed with high blood pressure. He reports no significant symptoms but mentions a history of allergies to sulfa-containing medications, which caused a severe rash and swelling in the past. Vital Signs: Blood Pressure: 145/90 mmHg Heart Rate: 76 bpm Respiratory Rate: 16 breaths/min BMI: 30 kg/m² Medical History: Hypertension (newly diagnosed) Sulfa allergy (documented) Social History: Non-smoker Occasional alcohol use Sedentary lifestyle   What class of antihypertensive medications should be used with caution or avoided due to Mr. Reynolds’ sulfa allergy?