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[Earthquakes] In this activity, we will use data from three seismic stations to determine the epicenter of the earthquake. We will use this interactive map to answer the remaining questions in this Guided Learning Exploration. [Earthquakes] Step 1. Select “Interactivity.” For the three seismic stations, select Kansas City as the red city, Charlotte as the green, and Birmingham as the blue. Then select “Accept.” Step 2. Select Kansas City and then drag the green line to where the S-wave arrives (shown on image below). The difference in time between the P-wave (yellow line) and S-wave (green line) is the S-P interval. Then select “Accept.” What is the S-P interval for the earthquake as recorded by the Kansas City, MO, seismic station?

[Relative and Numerical Dating] The following cross section shows several stratigraphic layers and the types of fossils found within each layer. Place the fossils in order of oldest to youngest, based on when each fossil first appears in the rock record.

[Relative and Numerical Dating] Let’s look at a simple cross section. Here we see where a dike has intruded into some sediments. Using the principles of relative dating, label the five rock units from the oldest (1) to the youngest (5). If this is completely new to you, check out this interactive animation for a full explanation. RELATIVE AGE DATING

[Earthquakes] Brittle deformation results in faulting. The type of fault produced depends on the type of stress applied to the rock. In the animation below, select the “Types of Faults” menu and watch each part. Use the information from it to label the four images below with the appropriate name for the type of fault shown. “Types of Faults”

[Earthquakes] Rocks deform in response to applied stress. Deformation is usually either brittle or ductile. Earthquakes occur when rocks deform in a brittle fashion. Select the images below that represent brittle deformation.

[Oceans] Ocean currents circulate the water within the Earth’s oceans. These currents are powered by several different forces. Watch the following video on ocean currents and then select the main driving forces of ocean currents from the choices listed below. video on ocean currents  

[Relative and Numerical Dating] Dating is complicated by the presence of unconformities. An unconformity is a gap left in the rock record due to erosion or lack of deposition. It is not a physical cavity but rather an uneven contact between beds of different ages. Label the three images below with one of the types of unconformities provided.

[Oceans] The following graph shows oceanic water temperature with reference to depth for equatorial, tropical, and polar (high latitude) waters. Select the line that represents the highest surface temperature.

[Earthquakes] Now, match the name of the seismic wave with the appropriate block diagram showing wave motion.

[Relative and Numerical Dating] Fossils can be dated using isotopic dating. Suppose the index fossil had a parent:daughter ratio of 4:12. Use the graph below to determine how many half-lives elapsed.