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32.  Members of ___________ gangs are described as double failures because they have not been successful in the legitimate world and have been equally unsuccessful in the illegitimate worlds of organized criminal activity and violence-oriented gangs.

17.  Merton’s theory of anomie emphasizes cultural aspirations and the institutionalized means to attain the desired ends.

47.  __________ theory assumes that for every individual there exists a containing external structure and a protective internal structure, both of which provide defense, protection, or insulation against delinquency.

39.  Which non-federal law enforcement agency is responsible for county wide policing outside of the cities including the administration of jails, serving court orders, and court duties? 

23.  According to Cohen, delinquent subcultures are rooted in all but which of the following?

46.  According to Reiss, delinquency is the result of all but which of the following factors?

16.  The criminal elements of California Penal Code Section 273.5 are?

44.  __________ is the assent to the society’s value system.

20.  Social Control Theory examines how free will and independent thinking influences personal attempts at economic success, whether obtained legally or illegally.

11.  A __________ is a subdivision of the dominant culture that actually has its own norms, beliefs, and values.