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A public health officer notes that in Country X, TB cases are clustered primarily among people living with HIV and among people experiencing homelessness. She recommends treating latent TB infection (LTBI) in these groups before it becomes active TB disease. This recommendation reflects which prevention strategy? 

In malaria-endemic countries, pregnant women are considered a high-risk group even if they have lived in the region their whole lives and developed some immunity to severe malaria as adults. Which statement BEST explains this increased vulnerability, and what intervention does WHO recommend to address it?

A global health program is described as ‘sustainable.’ Based on the course content, select the TWO characteristics that are MOST essential for a global health program to be considered truly sustainable.  (Select the TWO correct answers.)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat. Select the TWO behaviors that MOST directly contribute to the development of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). 

Many people who move to rapidly growing cities in low-income countries end up in unplanned settlements — sometimes called shantytowns or slums — on the urban periphery, without reliable sanitation, running water, or waste removal. What does the evidence show about the health risk profile of residents in these unplanned urban settlements? 

A disease kills primarily children under age 5, who would have had decades of productive life ahead of them. Which burden-of-disease metric would MOST heavily weight this disease compared to one that kills primarily adults aged 70 and older? 

A global health NGO has been providing clean cookstoves to rural households in a region for five years. A monitoring review finds that most families revert to open fires when stove parts break, because no local repair infrastructure exists. This outcome BEST illustrates which implementation failure? 

After a major earthquake, relief organizations arrive to find that roads are blocked, hospitals are destroyed, and local government agencies cannot coordinate a response on their own. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is asked to lead the international response. Which step in the emergency management cycle does this international coordination represent? 

A researcher studying immigrant health finds that recent arrivals from low-income countries are, on average, healthier than people who stayed behind AND healthier than the native-born population of the destination country. Over the next decade, however, their health advantage disappears. Which concept BEST explains this change over time? 

A health department reports that 3,000 people in a city of 500,000 currently have Type 2 diabetes. During the same year, 400 people were newly diagnosed with the disease. Which statement correctly identifies what each figure represents?