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A patient with pneumonia and underlying COPD is being mechanically ventilated in the VC-CMV mode with VT 650 mL. The resulting PaCO2 is 62 mm Hg. What change should be made to the VT to obtain a desired PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg for this patient?

You are at the bedside of a newly intubated patient and receive verbal vent settings from the doctor of RR- 12, Vt-480, PEEP- 5 and Fio2 of 100%. When charting in the patients record, you notice that the order is written as PEEP of 8. What is your best course of action?

PF ratio for Pa02 of 88 and Fio2 of 60%. 

A male 5ft 9 inches is to be mechanical ventilated on VC-CMV R12 PIP 20 Peep5. After a couple of hours, you suddenly hear the high pressure alarm sound alarming.what could have been the cause of this?

A patient in the ICU has the following hemodynamic measurements:   CVP – 5mmHg PAP- 48/25mmHg PCWP- 8mmHg MAP- 93mmHg Cardiac Output- 6.1L/min Cardiac Index- 3.2L/min/m2 The results are consistent with which of the following?

What is a costophrenic angle?

PaO2 of 240. Fio2 of 50%. What is the PF ratio?

What is appropriate tidal volume for a 6 foot 2 inch male in ARDS?

What factors determine safety to undergo a spontaneous breathing trial?  1. Patient is hemodynamically stable (not on vasopressors or on a low dose of vasopressors)  2. FiO2 is less than or equal to 50%  3. PEEP less than or equal to 8 • 4. Patient can initiate an inspiratory effort (i.e. not apneic)

A 61-year-old female was admitted last night with shortness of breath. She currently is alert and oriented but very anxious. Her latest arterial blood gas values, on a nasal cannula at 3 L/min, show: pH = 7.39; PaCO2 = 41 mm Hg; PaO2 = 40 mm Hg; SaO2 = 74%; HCO- = 24 mEq/L. Breath sounds are decreased throughout with fine late crackles on inspiration. The current chest X-ray shows an enlarged heart with bilateral vascular congestion. The most appropriate therapy for this patient is _________.