Select аll thаt аpply: Which оf the fоllоwing are clinical manifestations of pneumonia?
Questiоn set 1 Cаse Studies: (10pts) Answer ONE оf the fоllowing five Cаse Studies Cаse Study 1: The main breadwinner for a family faces a critical decision involving substantial financial risk for the family as they think about a big move and buying a new car they saw at a ‘this weekend only’ sale. Despite their past success, the individual is prone to impulsivity and difficulty in long-term planning when making high-stakes decisions. This impulsivity often leads to regret and stress after making decisions that deviate from their original plan. Question: Discuss the role of executive functioning in decision-making, planning, and impulse control in high-pressure scenarios. How might dual-process theories explain the executive's decision-making style, and what interventions could improve their ability to regulate their impulses and engage in more thoughtful decision-making? Case Study 2: A clinical psychologist working in a research setting is tasked with developing a new therapeutic intervention for a specific anxiety disorder. Despite possessing the necessary knowledge and expertise, the psychologist faces difficulty in coming up with novel, effective ideas and often defaults to traditional methods, even though these methods have shown limited success with certain patient populations. Question: Examine how creativity and cognitive biases (such as functional fixedness or confirmation bias) may be limiting the psychologist’s problem-solving abilities. How can cognitive theories on creativity and decision-making be applied to enhance the development of innovative therapeutic approaches? Discuss the role of cognitive beliefs in motivation and how they may influence the psychologist’s approach to problem-solving. Case study 3: A person has just been admitted to the hospital after being physically assaulted by their partner. The person, in their high stress emotional state is speaking to the doctors and police officers regarding the event, mentioning the weapon used several times. Question: Explore how language use and memory interact in how this person may express the traumatic event. Discuss how individuals with PTSD might struggle with verbal expression of their trauma and how this impacts memory recall and emotional processing. Include language that might be used to view themselves. How do cognitive processes like memory retrieval and language production influence treatment effectiveness? Case Study 4: Mickey Mouse was involved in a car accident in which he was injured. After the accident, Mickey was asked to provide a detailed account of the incident for an insurance claim. He described the sequence of events leading up to the accident, including the exact position of the vehicles, the weather conditions, and the actions of the other driver. His account was clear and detailed, but as time passed, he began to notice discrepancies in his recollection of certain details, although his confidence in his account remained high. For example, Mickey initially reported that the other driver was wearing a blue shirt, but later he recalled the driver wearing a red shirt. Also, he remembered the weather being sunny, but after hearing others talk about the incident, he began to "remember" the rain and fog. Over time, his memories of the accident seemed to shift, and he struggled to reconcile these discrepancies. Mickey later sought therapy for anxiety, and during therapy, he was encouraged to revisit his memory of the car accident. His therapist explained that memory processes, such as encoding, storage, and retrieval, can be influenced by various factors, including stress, emotional state, and external suggestions. This made Mickey realize that his memory of the car accident might not be entirely accurate, and he became concerned about the reliability of his recollections. Question: How do memory processes—such as encoding, storage, and retrieval—contribute to memory errors in Mickey's recollection of the car accident, and how might these errors affect his perception of the event? Be sure to speak specifically how memory errors occur within each of the three parts (encoding, storage and retrieval) of the memory processes. Also, include information on how attention plays a role in these memory errors. Be sure to relate back to at least one specific research study in your response. Case Study 5: Paddington who lives in far northern Canada went to visit his long-lost relatives in southern Peru. Paddington is multilingual in English, French, and very little Spanish (the official language of Peru). When speaking with his elderly auntie, who recently had a stroke, he was having some trouble explaining the intricacies of snow. His 6-year-old cousin also had trouble understanding some of Paddington’s humor (as he took things quite literally). However, Paddington was able to have generally good communication with his family using similar styles of speech and mannerisms as they had. Question: Using at least 5 specific concepts from the psychology of language, explain what impacts the communication between Paddington and his 2 family members in Peru. Be sure to define each term and speak to how it influences Paddington’s ability to communicate with his aunt, and cousin as well as the reciprocity of the aunt and cousin One of the concepts should be at least 1 of the maxims of language communication.