Which of the following is the most important reason for ensu…

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Which оf the fоllоwing is the most importаnt reаson for ensuring аdequate folic acid intake in a woman planning to conceive?

DMA First Exаm–Fаll 2025 Scоre Essаy Questiоns   DIRECTIONS: Answer the questiоns about TWO of the three pieces below. Follow the directions listed here exactly. Failure to do so will result in not passing the exam.   SCORE ESSAY PIECE 1 (2 hours)  Hugo Wolf, “Nachtzauber” Recording Austrian composer Hugo Wolf is often poised as a figure of the New German School in the late nineteenth century, particularly for his works in the German Lieder tradition. He found great, varied influence from his Romantic predecessors, and he also impacted the emergent musical language of the Second Viennese School. For this score essay, please evaluate Wolf’s “Nachtzauber” from the Eichendorff Lieder (1886-8) to make an argumentative case for Wolf’s stylistic influences across the long nineteenth century. In your response, discuss at least three composers—one from each category of 1. song (Lieder), 2. opera, and 3. instrumental traditions—that you analyze as influential upon Wolf’s expressive language. Your response should include rich discussion of Wolf’s treatment of text, melody, piano, form, collaboration between voice and piano, as well as harmonic language to justify your argumentative connections to earlier composers. Finally, you should conclude your response with a consideration of how Wolf’s expressive language impacted the generation of Austro-German composers that came after him, with specific consideration of at least one composer from the early twentieth century. Your essay should be at least 1,000 words long.   “Nachtzauber” German source: Joseph von Eichendorff Hörst du nicht die Quellen gehen Zwischen Stein und Blumen weit Nach den stillen Waldesseen, Wo die Marmorbilder stehen In der schönen Einsamkeit? Von den Bergen sacht hernieder, Weckend die uralten Lieder, Steigt die wunderbare Nacht, Und die Gründe glänzen wieder, Wie du’s oft im Traum gedacht.   Kennst die Blume du, entsprossen In dem mondbeglänzten Grund Aus der Knospe, halb erschlossen, Junge Glieder blühendsprossen, Weisse Arme, roter Mund, Und die Nachtigallen schlagen Und rings hebt es an zu klagen, Ach, vor Liebe todeswund, Von versunk’nen schönen Tagen - Komm, o komm zum stillen Grund!   “Night magic”English translation © Richard Stokes Can you not hear the brooks running Amongst the stones and flowers To the silent woodland lakes Where the marble statues stand In the lovely solitude? Softly from the mountains, Awakening age-old songs, Wondrous night descends, And the valleys gleam again, As you often dreamed.   Do you know the flower that blossomed In the moonlit valley? From its half-open bud Young limbs have flowered forth, White arms, red lips, And the nightingales are singing, And all around a lament is raised, Ah, wounded to death with love, For the lovely days now lost – Come, ah come to the silent valley!   SCORE ESSAY PIECE 2 (2 hours) William Byrd, Mass for 5 voices, Credo Recording   In an essay of at least 1,000 words, explain how the structural and stylistic features of the Credo from Byrd’s Mass for Five Voices distinguish it from earlier Renaissance approaches to the genre and illuminate the composer’s response to English musical culture at the time. Explain how Byrd addresses the following parameters: Text setting Imitation Vocal ranges and roles Structure and formal design To place this analysis in context, then describe what broader trends, events, or other facets may have influenced Byrd’s approach to setting the Mass Ordinary in England in the 1590s. Please refer to page numbers and measure numbers throughout your response. The most successful answers will make specific claims about the music rather than merely summarize its features.   SCORE ESSAY PIECE 3 (2 hours) Luigi Dallapiccola, Goethe-Lieder, No. 2, “Die Sonne kommt!”  Recording Write an essay of at least 1,000 words in which you contextualize Luigi Dallapiccola’s use of canon in Goethe-Lieder, No. 2, “Die Sonne kommt!” (1953) within the broader musical landscape of the mid-twentieth century. Why might a modernist composer turn to a contrapuntal technique so deeply rooted in earlier traditions? In your response, also situate Dallapiccola’s work in relation to the Austro-German serialist tradition (especially Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern). You may find it useful to consider Dallapiccola’s engagement with Goethe’s text as a link to that tradition. Your essay should combine historical context, analytical detail, and interpretation. To guide your analysis, consider the following questions. You do not need to answer them in order, but you should use them to develop and support your larger argument: Canon: In what ways does this piece constitute a canon? How does Dallapiccola’s approach compare to earlier canonic practices? Pitch Material: What kinds of harmonic and melodic resources does Dallapiccola employ? For instance, do you hear references to diatonicism (major triads, scales), more chromatic/dissonant trichords, or something in between? Cite specific musical examples. Row Structure: Compare the first twelve-tone row in the voice (G♯–A–G–F–B–E–D–E♭–B♭–D♭–C–F♯) with the subsequent row (A–G♯–B♭–C–G♭–D♭–E♭–D–G–E–F–B, ignoring the repeated notes in m. 6). What are the intervallic patterns in each row, and how do they relate? Voice Part Symmetry: How are the first and second halves of the vocal line related? Does this relationship reflect uniquely twentieth-century compositional thinking, or does it resonate with earlier contrapuntal traditions? Text and Expression: The poem depicts the union of sun and moon. How might Dallapiccola reflect this imagery musically? For example, could the first row be associated with the sun and the second with the moon?   TEXT AND TRANSLATION Die Sonne kommt! Ein Prachterscheinen!                  The sun arrives! A splendid figure! Der Sichelmond umklammert sie.                               The sickle-moon embraces him. Wer konnte solch ein Paar vereinen?                         Who could have brought such a pair together? Dies Rätsel, wie erklärt sich's? Wie?                           How can one explain this puzzle? How?