Which of the following elements would be expected to have ch…
Questions
Which оf the fоllоwing elements would be expected to hаve chemicаl аnd physical properties most similar to those of the bromine (Br)?
Which оf the fоllоwing elements would be expected to hаve chemicаl аnd physical properties most similar to those of the bromine (Br)?
Which оf the fоllоwing elements would be expected to hаve chemicаl аnd physical properties most similar to those of the bromine (Br)?
Which оf the fоllоwing elements would be expected to hаve chemicаl аnd physical properties most similar to those of the bromine (Br)?
Which оf the fоllоwing elements would be expected to hаve chemicаl аnd physical properties most similar to those of the bromine (Br)?
Which оf the fоllоwing elements would be expected to hаve chemicаl аnd physical properties most similar to those of the bromine (Br)?
Which оf the fоllоwing elements would be expected to hаve chemicаl аnd physical properties most similar to those of the bromine (Br)?
The mоther оf а twо-yeаr-old expresses concern аbout her child’s language development. Which indicates that the child has a language delay?
Rаdhikа Sundаr Qualifying Exam Day 3 Please Answer All Questiоns As part оf the research agenda, the researchers at a large state university alоng with members of the ASD community are interested in (a) developing an intervention/practice/strategy designed to reduce loneliness among adults with ASD, and (b) rigorously evaluating the intervention/practice/strategy to determine if the intervention/practice/strategy is working, how it is working, and how adults with ASD perceive intervention/practice/strategy. For this question, assume that you have measures of loneliness (from Day 1 and Day 2) and the data collected from administering pilot surveys. The researchers want to build a psychometric model to analyze the data collected using the new loneliness in adults with ASD measure. They would like to use IRT models, such as the 2-PL. However, there is a concern regarding the small sample size of participants, because the construct of interest – loneliness- is being measured in a low-incidence population. There are only a relatively small number of adults with ASD, and even fewer among them who consider themselves at risk of the ill effects of loneliness on mental health. Specifically, the researchers are familiar with the problem of biased parameter estimates that occur with small sample sizes. They want to know if there are statistical estimation methods that can be used to address bias in parameter estimation within the framework of IRT. As a consultant to this group of institutional researchers, you have been asked to provide conceptual and technical guidance on finding the best-suited statistical estimation methods. Begin by discussing the assumptions of the commonly known estimation procedures. What are the differences in the underlying theoretical foundations? For each methodological approach (Likelihood-based estimation vs. Bayesian estimation), describe the strengths and limitations concerning issues in measurement, statistical analysis, research design and causal inference, ethical issues, and feasibility. Likelihood-based estimation methods can succeed when used in small sample situations, so long as suitable modifications are made, such as regularization. Discuss the ideas behind regularization, when and how it is usually used, and how it can be applied to the current scenario. How is regularization applied within the IRT modeling framework? Discuss regularization in relation to the item parameters of usual interest in IRT models such as 2-PL and 3-PL. To identify and address methodological issues surrounding selecting estimation methods in IRT models with small sample, you have been asked to propose a specific simulation study to compare the two estimation procedures. For the research study, please address the specific issues below and any other issues that you believe are relevant. What specific research questions would be the focus of the simulation? Discuss the importance/significance of the research question? To what extent, if at all, are these research questions connected to prior simulation studies? How might researchers understand the moderating impact of the estimation method on the relationship between sample size and bias in item parameter estimates in IRT models? Identify the research design selected for the study and describe your rationale for the selection of this design. What design factors will be manipulated? Discuss how design factors such as (1) Test length and (2) Item parameters such as discrimination and difficulty values will be manipulated. How might explanatory independent variables be used in a simulation design? What is the goal of the simulation design that you have chosen as a consultant? Describe the rationale for choosing the values for test lengths, difficulty, discrimination, and any explanatory variables. Are there previous studies that can serve as a guide? Discuss the significance of these choices for comparing estimation procedures. Is there any reason that researchers may expect one estimation procedure to be better than the others?