Pаssаge A When Senаtоr Chuck Grassley first gоt intо politics, Ike Eisenhower was president of the United States. It was 1959, the same year the first transcontinental commercial flight made it from Los Angeles to New York’s Idlewild Airport, later to be renamed in honor of John F. Kennedy. Late in the year, IBM introduced the 7090, a milestone computer model that relied on “transistors, not vacuum tubes.” Grassley served in the Iowa House, then served three terms in the U. S. House. He’s now in his seventh term in the Senate. And he announced last September, a week after his 88th birthday, that he’s running again. That will make him 95 years old at the end of his next term. Simply put, this is too damn old to be doing this job. It’s too old to be doing just about any job. The FAA mandates that pilots retire at 65. Their colleagues in air-traffic control are out at 56, though they can get exceptions to work until they’re 61. Most police departments show employees the door in their 60s. At white-shoe law firms, partners are often pointed to the exit sign by age 68. Foreign-service employees at the State Department are out at 65. Mandatory retirements are mostly verboten in the United States. But there are some professions with such intense physical and mental demands, that require such high-stakes decision-making and mental acuity, that we’ve decided they’re just different. The overall purpose of this passage is to
A crew оf а B737-400 encоunters smоke in the cаbin аs a result of an uncontained engine damage. In the identification and diagnosis of the problem, they assume that it is the right -engine that has failed because in their previous model of the B737, the air-conditioned air for the cabin is tapped from only the starboard (right) engines. However, in the current model of the B737 that they are flying, air- conditioned air is tapped from both left and right engine. The crew proceeds to activate a production rule that says, " IF engine -induced smoke in cabin, THEN it must be a problem with the right engine". they shut down the right engine without cross-checking cues from the left-engine and realizes later that it is rather the left engine that has failed. The increased prominence and tendency for this crew to rely on this recently used production rule as compared to similar rules can be termed as: