14) A grоup оf аutоmotive designers believes thаt а negative linear association exists between weight and fuel economy. The null and alternative hypotheses are defined as: _____.
Reаd belоw fоr yоur situаtions аnd discussion points.You must identify which situation and discussion point you are addressing in this essay. For example: Situation One / Discussion Point 1Be sure to manage your time well. You have two and a half hours (150 minutes) to complete this essay.SituationsSituation OneYou are the city manager of a large urban city in Texas. The state of Texas has passed legislation that bans specific books in public spaces, mandates pet registration and chipping, legalizes marijuana, and mandates the use of diversity , equity, and inclusion in all public agencies. This impacts operations for the library, law enforcement, animal control, and human resources where employees may not agree with these laws. What are some of the many factors you need to consider when addressing this situation in a way that continues to support the organization's mission in accordance with state laws, while maintaining a good work environment in a democratic society.Situation TwoAfter graduating with your MPA, you have received an offer to teach an introductory public administration course in a graduate program (similar to Lamar’s POLS 5330: Public Administration Theory and Methods). The course is required to trace the evolution of the study of public administration from the early 1900s to the present day. Which scholars’ works would you assign the students to read and why? Cite at least five different scholarly works and be sure to include analyses from different eras in the study of public administration. Discussion Points Discussion Point 1Public Administration can be a very confusing subject to study because of the many definitions of public administration and publicness that exist in scholarly literature and practice. The application of these definitions can be at odds with each other depending upon the political and cultural environments that shape public policy and how policy is implemented at different levels of government and within different geographical bounds in the United States. What makes public administration "public"? Discussion Point 2 The ability to separate our moral obligations from our ethical obligations can result in the need to put on a "Mask of Office" in order to protect our fragile psyche when carrying out a public will that does not align with our personal moral beliefs. When we consider that the public administrator is charged with carrying out policy in the public interest within the intent of the policy as determined by the public through elected representatives, what are the implications on the public administrator and the public? Discussion Point 3The practice of public administration through a bureaucracy that implements policy can be a difficult realm to navigate in its political and cultural environments. Briefly explain what strategic management is and why it is important to public administration. Discussion Point 4Power and leadership are central concerns in public administration because they shape how organizations make decisions, implement policies, and respond to competing interests. Define power in the context of public organizations, and then critically analyze how at least three scholarly theories of leadership explain the appropriate use of power by organizational leaders. In your essay, compare the assumptions each theory makes about authority, influence, accountability, and ethical responsibility. Conclude by arguing which approach—or combination of approaches—offers the most effective and legitimate model of leadership in public administration.
Fаll 2026 Cоmprehensive Exаm Instructiоns Yоur responses must be 800 – 1000 words eаch, for a total of 1600 – 2000 words for the exam, and rooted in the literature while paying attention to grammar and writing style. The length is not specified in pages because you will not be permitted to use word processing software on the exam. This required length is comparable to 4-5 double-spaced pages for each response, for a total length comparable to 8 to 10 pages. This means full pages.Use Study Materials During Exam: NoCitations: Since you will not be allowed to use material during the exam, it is not expected that you know every single author and you will not need to provide a references page. However, you must be able to provide a few citations for major pieces of literature for each concept.Comprehensive Exams – Honorlock Proctoring PoliciesEnsuring the integrity of the Comprehensive Exam process is extremely important, so we have developed policies to ensure that everyone is held to the same standards. Pursuant to that aim, students must follow all the requirements to ensure that everyone submits their own original work, and the positive image of the Lamar University Master of Public Administration Program is maintained. The Comprehensive Exam will be proctored using Honorlock. Exam StructureDuring the exam period, each student will complete two separate assessments. Both assessments will be available in the Comprehensive Exam folder, and they will be clearly labeled Comprehensive Exam Part 1 and Comprehensive Exam Part 2. From the time they begin the first assessment, students will be permitted a total of five hours and fifteen minutes (315 minutes) to complete both parts. This total time limit allows for 150 minutes for each part of the exam and a fifteen-minute break between them. Exam-takers are not permitted to leave the room when either part of the exam is open on their computers. Taking more than one break will result in failure of the exam. Students are only permitted one break of up to 15 minutes during the exam period.Each part of the exam will include a list of situations and discussion points. None of the situations or discussion points will be included on both parts of the exam.To complete Part 1 of the exam, you will need to choose a situation and a discussion point to address in your response. You will also be required to note which situation and which discussion point you have used in your response. A heading such as “Situation One, Discussion Point Two” will ensure compliance with this rule. You will be required to complete Part 2 of the exam in the same manner and label the situation and discussion point used in that response as well.RulesThe Comprehensive Exam will be proctored using Honorlock. This proctoring will employ Honorlock’s side camera feature in addition to using the student’s front-facing camera. The second camera may be a component of a phone or tablet. Any violation of the Comprehensive Exam rules can result in a student automatically failing the exam. Two sets of rules are itemized below to highlight how students should set up their testing environment and how they should behave during the exam.Testing Environment RulesStudents need to take the exam in a room with lighting sufficient to clearly show their faces and surroundings.The side camera should provide a full view of the student’s facial profile and workspace. To comply with the policy, the side camera should capture a clear image of the student’s monitor, keyboard, and hands, as well as the side of the student’s face.The front-facing camera needs to capture a clear image of the student’s face, and the student’s neck and shoulders should be visible in that image as well.During the exam, students are not permitted to use two-screen monitor configurations or to use electronic devices that are not part of the two-camera setup.Students are required to use a working microphone during the exam. Audio recording is required in addition to video recording.Exam-Taker Behavior RulesStudents are required to indicate which situation and which discussion point they have used in each essay response. A heading such as “Situation One, Discussion Point Two” will be sufficient to comply with this rule.Students should take the exam alone. Talking to other people during the exam will not be permitted, regardless of the reason for doing so.Students are not permitted to wear hats, wristwatches, headphones, or earbuds during the exam sessions.A student’s face should remain visible on the front-facing camera through the duration of each part of the exam.A student’s profile should remain visible on the side camera through the duration of each part of the exam.Students must remain seated through the duration of each part of the exam; they are not permitted to leave the room while taking the exam.Students must take each part of the exam in a single session. Students are not permitted to close either part of the exam and reopen it.While a student is taking the Comprehensive Exam, no programs should be open on the student’s computer other than the web browser used to take the exam and the Honorlock proctoring extension.The web browser used to take the exam should not have tabs open other than the ones necessary to enable proctoring and type exam responses.Students must type their responses to the questions in the appropriate area within the testing tab of the web browser. Using a word processing program will not be allowed.