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Questions
Whаt is the nаme оf the highlighted structure? APRpic3а.png
BOT 2011C — Plаnt DiversityMidterm II: Mоdules 6–9Tоtаl: 50 pоints Instructions: Answer аll five questions in your own words. Use short, organized responses that address every requested part. Explain biological processes rather than only listing definitions. 1. Bryophytes and Seedless Vascular Plants — 10 points Ferns can grow taller than mosses, but both groups require water for fertilization. Explain how vascular tissue supports taller growth in ferns. Identify the dominant life-cycle generation in mosses and ferns, and explain why both groups still need water for sperm to reach the egg. 2. Pollen, Seeds, and Gymnosperm Reproduction — 10 points A conifer grows in an environment where rainfall is seasonal. Explain how pollen allows fertilization without sperm swimming through environmental water. Describe how a seed protects and supports the developing embryo, and explain why gymnosperm seeds are described as “naked.” 3. Flowers, Double Fertilization, and Fruits — 10 points A flowering plant is pollinated and later produces seeds inside a fruit. Distinguish pollination from fertilization. Explain how double fertilization leads to the formation of an embryo and endosperm. Identify the flower structures that normally develop into the seed and fruit. 4. Coevolution and Specialized Pollination — 10 points A plant with long, tubular flowers is pollinated mainly by a long-tongued moth. Explain how plants and their pollinators can influence each other’s evolution through natural selection. Describe one benefit and one risk for a plant that depends on a specialized pollinator. 5. Plant Domestication and Crop Diversity — 10 points Farmers repeatedly save seeds from plants with desirable inherited traits, such as larger fruits. Eventually, many farms grow the same genetically uniform crop variety. Explain how artificial selection changes crops over generations. Describe why low genetic diversity may increase vulnerability to disease, and propose one way to preserve or use crop genetic diversity to reduce this risk. Grading Criteria Each question is worth 10 points: Biological accuracy — 4 points: Facts, mechanisms, and biological terms are correct. Application and integration — 3 points: Concepts are connected and applied to the question. Scientific reasoning and justification — 2 points: Explanations support conclusions rather than only naming terms. Clarity and organization — 1 point: The response is understandable, organized, and addresses the requested parts. Responses are evaluated on accuracy and explanation, not length.