Clаssificаtiоn оf FungiThe Fungi аre cоmposed of six monophyletic groups: Blastocladiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota. The Zygomycetes are considered fungi, and mycologists also study theMicrosporidia.Fungal Forms, Nutrition, and ReproductionMembers of the Chytridiomycota and the Microsporidia are exclusively unicellular. Unicellular higher fungi are called yeasts. Masses of filamentous hyphae are called mycelia. Both unicellular fungi and hyphae have high surface-area-to-volume ratios to maximize nutrient uptake. Fungal cell walls are made from chitin, which is a polymer of a modified nitrogen-containing form of glucose. Hyphae with compartments housing one nucleus are called monokaryotic; those with two nuclei are dikaryotic. If the nuclei are genetically identical they are homokaryotic, and if they are genetically diverse they are heterokaryotic. Mitosis in some fungi is significantly different than in many higher eukaryotes: in some fungi the nucleus undergoes division without asubsequent cytokinesis; some fungi lack centrioles to organize the mitotic spindle; and sometimes mitosis occurs without nuclear envelope breakdown. Some fungi exhibit a dikaryotic stage during sexual reproduction and may represent a major part of the life cycle of the fungus.Some fungi have structures, produced from mycelia, dedicated to the production of spores. Spores are often adapted to be resistant to adverse conditions, or to be distributed by wind or animals. When conditions are favorable spores can germinate to continue the life cycle.Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb diverse nutrients. Fungi are saprotrophic heterotrophs, secreting enzymes to break down molecules in their environment that they absorb to use as nutrients.Some fungi are parasitic and absorb nutrients directly from their hosts. Other fungi prey upon small animals such as rotifers. Some fungi can degrade cellulose, the major break down plant-based cellulose, ecosystems would rapidly become overwhelmed with dead plant matter.
The term "superiоr" mаy be used when describing оne pоint in relаtion to аnother, in the arms or legs