The order of the phases of the FIRST complete cycle of PCR i…
Questions
The оrder оf the phаses оf the FIRST complete cycle of PCR is:
Prоblem 2 Determine the vаriаble X if A = 2.6 аpples, B = 5.5 bananas , and C = 1.5 cars Answer(s) X = _______________________________
Order: Amоxicillin 90mg/kg/dаy tо be given in 3 divided dоses. Avаilаble: Amoxicillin 250mg/5mL. Your patient weighs 40 pounds. How many mL will the nurse administer per dose? Round to the nearest tenth. [BLANK-1]
Diseаses: Whаt is the primаry cause оf respiratоry distress syndrоme (RDS) of the newborn? Surfactant deficiency Premature infants are at risk for respiratory distress syndrome, which involves the formation of hyaline membranes in the alveoli. What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn? Atelectasis The NP student was shocked to see their annual TB test was positive, as they had always been negative in years past. The NP student has no symptoms of TB He/she suspects the bacteria are dormant. This can occur due to which of the following? The bacilli can become isolated within granulomatous lesions, tubercles, in the lungs. Your neighbor, a 57-year-old man, underwent total knee replacement for severe degenerative joint disease. Five days after surgery, he develops an acute onset of shortness of breath and right-sided pleuritic chest pain. His wife calls on you, knowing you are a nurse practitioner. You see he is in moderate respiratory distress with a respiratory rate of 28/min, heart rate of 120 bpm, and blood pressure of 110/70 mm Hg. He denies fevers or coughing. What changes might be expected in ventilation/perfusion relationship, given your neighbor's specific symptoms? High ventilation with perfusion imbalance (V/Q mismatch) with alveolar dead space A 56-year-old man presents to the FNP for a routine checkup... His BMI is high at 42, placing him in the severe obesity range. The patient undergoes in-laboratory polysomnography testing, which demonstrates hypoventilation during sleep. Lab testing shows an elevated serum bicarbonate level. Which of the following is contributing to the patient's clinical condition? impaired lung expansion The NP is seeing a 45-year-old African American man who presents with shortness of air & fatigue. The NP is concerned the patient may have sarcoidosis and knows pulmonary sarcoidosis is due to which of the following: non-caseating granulomas due to inflammatory reactions A 3-year-old boy has developed croup following a winter cold. His care provider would recognize that which of the following microorganisms and treatments is most likely to be effective? Parainfluenza virus treated with glucocorticoids Mrs. Jones brings her three year old daughter to see the PNP. The child's presenting symptoms include a stridor and wet, barking cough. Mother notes that the horrible cough has been occurring at night and is improved by exposure to cool and damp air. The most likely diagnosis would be: Croup or laryngotracheobronchitis The PNP diagnoses a child with asthma. Which pathophysiologic process occurs in this disease? Chronic inflammatory disorder, causing mucosal edema and reversible airflow obstruction A premature infant on mechanical ventilation has developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and is showing signs and symptoms of hypoxemia, low lung compliance, and respiratory distress. Which of the following is a contributor to the infant's present health problem? High-inspired oxygen concentration and injury from positive-pressure ventilation The FNP suspects a patient has emphysema based on the following assessment or test findings: Hyperinflation A college student has developed community acquired pneumonia. The student has high fevers, productive cough, and a highly elevated WBC. Chest x-ray shows a left-sided lobar infiltrate. The NP knows the MOST likely organism responsible for his symptoms are: Strep pneumoniae The PNP is assessing a child with suspected OSA. Which of the following is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in children? Adenotonsillar hypertrophy Bronchiolitis in infancy is most often caused by what type of infection? Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) You are working in a pediatric office in January and a 4 month old comes in with a low grade fever, respiratory rate of 70, nasal flaring and intercostal space retraction. You are MOST concerned the baby might have: Bronchiolitis Which of the following residents of a long-term care facility is MOST likely to be exhibiting the signs and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? An 81-year-old male who has a chronic productive cough and recurrent respiratory infections. A 62-year-old female smoker is distraught at her recent diagnosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). How can her NP most appropriately respond to her? “This is very difficult to hear, we will run tests to see if it has metastasized, because this commonly occurs with this type of cancer." The NP student is reviewing the patient chart and notes the patient has pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). The NP student knows PAH results from which alteration? Narrowed pulmonary arterial capillaries A nurse educator is teaching a child and their parents about allergic asthma. Which of the following immune cells play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma? Thelp cells; B cells; Eosinophils; Mast cells. A patient with healthcare acquired pneumonia has developed sepsis. Despite treatment, the NP notices the patient has developed moderate to severe respiratory distress and is experiencing hypoventilation, hypercapnia, worsening hypoxemia. ABGs shows respiratory acidosis. Chest x-ray shows the development of bilateral diffuse infiltrates. Echocardiogram shows a ejection fraction of 55% (normal). The NP suspects these findings are related to which of the following? Proinflammatory cytokines & influx of neutrophils, macrophages, and platelets A 50-year-old male who is a heavy drinker who resides in a temporary housing facility with other adults. He presents with an awful cough. He has been coughing and expectorating bloody sputum and notes a low grade fever, chills, and mild dyspnea starting about 1 week ago. Examination reveals an afebrile male in mild distress. His vital signs are normal, and his lungs sound clear. The abdominal examination reveals only mild epigastric tenderness. Chest imaging shows cavitary or nodular lesions in the in the right upper lobe with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. The medical assistant asks the NP how they are going to treat the patient, the NP would likely respond with: "I am going to admit him into the hospital & he will need a respiratory isolation room." The WHNP is caring for patient with non-controlled gestational diabetes who goes into labor at early, at 27.6 weeks. The WHNP administers synthetic cortisol to the mother prior to delivery, because the NP has which of the following concerns for the baby being delivered? Inability of lungs to synthesize sufficient surfactant A neonate is diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with a left-to-right shunt. Which of the following is the most likely physiological consequence? Pulmonary overcirculation and congestive heart failure The NP student learns that an acquaintance has been been diagnosed with some type of non-small cell lung carcinoma. The student knows that majority of these cancers are: treated surgically. A patient is hyperventilating in the PMHNP's office. This type of respiratory insufficiency would lead to which of the following? respiratory alkalosis A 40-year-old patient with a known history of asthma presents with wheezing and shortness of breath. Spirometry reveals an FEV₁ of 78% predicted, with a 12% improvement following bronchodilator administration. What does this result most likely indicate? Reversible airway obstruction consistent with asthma The PNP is seeing a child experiencing symptoms related to their diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). What abnormalities lead to the mucus plugging seen in children with CF? Defective chloride secretion and excess sodium absorption thicken the mucus. The AGNP is seeing a patient who has 30-pack-year smoking history. He reports a chronic cough with frequent sputum production, essentially daily, especially in the winter months, from October to March. Symptoms started when he was around 50 years old; he is now 54. Which of the following diagnoses does the NP suspect? Chronic bronchitis A 10-year-old boy, who was recently accepted onto his school’s soccer team, has a history of asthma. The school nurse practitioner is reviewing his history and notes he has had persistent, sometimes severe asthma since toddlerhood. The boy also has a history of multiple allergies. The NP knows this boy's asthma is likely related to a: Type I hypersensitivity A patient tells the FNP that after completion of a direct-to-consumer genetic testing, that tests came back with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. The FNP knows this increases that patient's risk for which of the following diseases? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) A 22-year-old male with a thin body habitus presents with sudden onset of sharp chest pain after bending over, which worsens with inspiration. He reports shortness of breath and denies trauma, fever, or infectious symptoms. Physical exam reveals mild tachypnea and decreased breath sounds on the right. What is the most likely diagnosis? Pneumothorax (accumulation of air in the pleural space) A mother brings her 6-year-old son to a health clinic for wheezing and shortness of breath. The child has asthma and is taking all prescribed medications. The NP considers adding a long-acting muscarinic antagonist. This medication would do which of the following? A mother brings her 6-year-old son to a health clinic for wheezing and shortness of breath. The child has asthma and is taking all prescribed medications. The NP considers adding a long-acting muscarinic antagonist. This medication would do which of the following? block the action of acetylcholine (ACh), decreasing bronchospasm An NP is working in urgent care and a 57-year-old patient has tested positive for COVID (SARs-2). The patient is complaining of fever and cough. Assessment shows a fever of 102.9 degree Fahrenheit. The NP realizes Interleukin-6 is the one of the main causes of this temperature. The NP also notes an the patient has low blood pressure, moderate respiratory distress, and oxygen saturation of 86%. The NP concerned the patient may need hospitalization and knows the observed signs and symptoms are primarily related to cytokine storm.