The following is from a brief description of some research o…
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The fоllоwing is frоm а brief description of some reseаrch on hаir growth: “New drugs promoting hair growth may soon be on the market, as researchers from UCLA have developed a new way to activate the stem cells in the hair follicle to make hair grow. Hair follicle stem cells are long-lived cells in the hair follicle that are present in the skin and produce hair throughout a person’s lifetime. The stem cells are normally inactive, but can quickly activate during a new hair cycle when growth occurs.” Continuing, “….researchers from the University of Utah increased lactate production genetically in the mice to accelerate hair follicle stem cell activation and ultimately increase the hair cycle. Before this, no one knew that increasing or decreasing the lactate would have an effect on hair follicle stem cells,” William Lowry, a professor of molecular, cell and developmental biology at UCLA, said in a statement. “Once we saw how altering lactate production in the mice influenced hair growth, it led us to look for potential drugs that could be applied to the skin and have the same effect. (Walter, K. (August 15, 2017). Researchers Discover New Key to Hair Growth. Retrieved from R&D World.) Upload an image of your answer to this question. One of the potential hair-growth stimulating drugs mentioned in the article is UK5099, which blocks pyruvate from entering the mitochondria. Briefly explain why blocking the entry of pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix would result in lactate production and show the reaction(s) that would be expected to form lactate from pyruvate. (3 pts.) Lactate is also formed in muscle cells under anaerobic conditions and subsequently shipped via the blood to the liver for re-incorporation into glucose via gluconeogenesis. Briefly explain why, under these conditions, lactate is required to keep ATP production via glycolysis active. (1 pt.) Under anaerobic conditions, many microorganisms convert pyruvate to ethanol. In this pathway, pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde, which, in turn, is converted to ethanol. Show the reaction that converts acetaldehyde to ethanol. Show the structures of the substrate and the product, and include any required cofactors or co-reactants, as well as the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. (2 pts.)
The distаl аоrtа is within _______ cm оf the aоrtic bifurcation.