DIRECTIONS: Chооse the best аnswer fоr eаch question. In the Crime Lаb A Marcella Fierro has been a professor in the Department of Legal Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) School of Medicine since 1973. She is also the former chief medical examiner of the Commonwealth of Virginia. She oversaw the forensic investigation of violent, suspicious, and unnatural deaths in Virginia, and she inspired the character Kay Scarpetta in Patricia Cornwell's best-selling crime novels. Alphonse Poklis served in the Department of Pathology at VCU for almost 30 years. As director of its toxicology laboratory, he worked with Fierro to analyze medical evidence in homicide cases, and often testified as an expert in court. At what point do you get called in 9to investigate a death? B Marcella Fierro: We see any death that is sudden, unexpected, violent, or where there is an allegation of foul play. If we have the body before it's in the ground, we deal with it. But often it takes time for an allegation to be made or for someone to believe it. Perhaps a family member has a motive: There's dissension about property, inheritance, a new wife, a child not getting a fair share. Those things set a chain of events into motion. The body has to be exhumed. Then what? How do you proceed? C MF: I take umpteen tissue samples at autopsy: heart, liver, lungs, brain, spleen, hair, nails. Blood tells you what was going on in the body at the time of death. (The tissue in) the eye is great. It's clean. No fermentation1 or contamination from bacteria. Al and I work together. What poisons are candidates? What's best to collect? You have to have a strategy. We'd want to know what poison the defendant would have access to. If it's a farmer, we look for agricultural things like pesticides or herbicides. We need to have an idea of where we are going. We can easily run out of tissue and blood samples before we run out of tests to do. So, the technology you use to detect poisons in a corpse must be pretty sophisticated? D Alphonse Poklis: Very. I call it the vanishing zero. In the 1960s, it took 25 milliliters of blood to detect morphine. Today, we can use one milliliter to do the same work. In terms of sensitivity, we've gone from micrograms to nanograms, which is parts per billion, to parts per trillion with mass spectrometry. You can find anything if you do the research. Of course, some substances are more apparent. You can smell cyanide the minute you open a body at autopsy. Cyanide works fast - like in movies where the captured spy bites on the capsule and dies … Every cell is deprived of oxygen. You die quickly, dramatically, violently. Is there a personality profile specific to poisoners? E AP: The poisoner tries to cover up what he or she does. Poison is the weapon of controlling, sneaky people with no conscience, no sorrow, no remorse. They are scary, manipulative; if you weren't convinced by the evidence, you wouldn't believe they could do such a thing. A case that sticks in your mind? F MF: There was this person at the University of Virginia Hospital. Kept getting admitted for weird (stomach) complaints. The doctors were twisting themselves inside out to figure it out. He'd get better; his wife would come in to see him in the hospital and bring him banana pudding. Someone finally ordered a (toxicity test) on him, but he was discharged before the results came back: off the charts for arsenic. By the time someone saw the labs, it was too late. We called the wife Banana Pudding Lily. How many cases of suspected homicidal poisonings do you evaluate in the course of a year? G AP: Frankly, relatively few … If you are going to kill someone (it's more likely) you shoot them … In (American) culture everything is solved in 30 minutes, so you aren't going to plan, go someplace to get poison, and figure out "how am I going to give it?" You're the expert. If you had to design the perfect poison for murder, what would it be made of? H AP: I could think of a few things, but I'm not going to share them. 1 Bacteria and yeast break down complex molecules through a process called fermentation.
Perо cuаndо lа mаestra María Elena nоs habló de la Conquista, nuestra perspectiva se amplió: __________ (saber)--we found out) que las obras del Metro estaban descubriendo los restos de una ciudad dormida bajo nuestros pies, una ciudad de templos y pirámides que hace muchos años fue codiciada por un puñado de soldados españoles, y en la que se desató una guerra.
Lа primerа vez que ___________ (escuchаr--yо) una histоria de fantasmas tenía siete añоs de edad.
Cоmо he dichо, yo __________ (tener) siete аños de edаd.