Extra Credit: This question will be graded after the exam an…

Extrа Credit: This questiоn will be grаded аfter the exam and wоrth 5 extra credit pоints. Questions must be answered in full to receive credit.  Sophia Martinez, 68-year-old female, post-hip replacement surgery (5 days ago). History includes osteoarthritis and hypertension. Currently taking oxycodone 10 mg every 4 hours for pain management. Sophia reports feeling "bloated and uncomfortable" with no bowel movement since surgery. She states she has the urge to defecate but cannot pass stool. She is eating poorly due to abdominal discomfort and has reduced her fluid intake "to avoid needing the bathroom." Vital Signs: BP 138/82, HR 78, RR 18, Temp 37.1°C (98.8°F) Abdominal Assessment: Inspection: Abdomen appears slightly distended Auscultation: Hypoactive bowel sounds (4 sounds/minute in all quadrants) Palpation: Mild tenderness, no rigidity Bowel Pattern: Last BM 5 days ago; reports hard, pellet-like stools prior to surgery Mobility: Limited due to post-surgical pain; mostly bedbound Fluid Intake: Approximately 700 mL/day Question 1: What is the most likely cause of Sophia’s constipation? Question 2: Which assessment finding requires the most immediate nursing intervention? Question 3: What is the primary mechanism by which oxycodone causes constipation? Question 4: Which intervention should the nurse anticipate as first-line management? Question 5: Why is Sophia at increased risk for fecal impaction?