DIRECTIONS: Choose the best answer for each question.What is…
Questions
DIRECTIONS: Chооse the best аnswer fоr eаch question.Whаt is Beauty?[A] The search for beauty spans centuries and continents. Paintings of Egyptians dating back over 4,000 years show both men and women painting their nails and wearing makeup. On the other side of the globe, the ancient Maya of Central America considered crossed eyes beautiful, and hung little balls between children's eyes to develop this look. In 18th-century France, wealthy noblemen wore large wigs of long white hair to make themselves attractive. In cultures throughout the world, people have gone to extreme lengths to achieve beauty.[B] Today, people continue to devote a lot of time and money to their appearance. According to a recent report, one out of three consumers globally say they are spending more money on beauty and health-care products than ever before. Worldwide, sales of makeup, dieting, hair- and skin-care products - as well as gym memberships and cosmetic surgery - generate billions of dollars every year. And there is at least one good reason for the desire to be attractive: Beauty is power. Studies suggest that good-looking people make more money, get called on more often in class, and are perceived as friendlier.[C] But what exactly is beauty? Trying to define it is difficult, and yet we know it when we see it - or so we think. "Beauty is health," says one psychologist. "It's a billboard saying, 'I'm healthy. I can pass on your genes.'" And our awareness of it may start at a very early age. In one set of studies, six-month-old babies were shown a series of photographs. The faces in the pictures had been rated for attractiveness by a group of college students. In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones.[D] The idea that even babies judge appearance makes perfect sense to many researchers. In studies done by psychologists such as Victor Johnston at New Mexico State University and David Perrett at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, men regularly showed a preference for women with certain features: larger eyes, clear skin, fuller lips, and a smaller nose and chin. Another study suggests that women prefer men with large shoulders and a narrow waist. According to scientists, the mind unconsciously tells men and women that these traits - the full lips, clear skin, strong shoulders - equal health and genetic well-being. In other words, it's a fundamental part of human nature to look for these qualities in a mate.[E] Not everyone agrees with this notion, however. "Our hardwiredness can be altered by all sorts of expectations - predominantly cultural," says C. Loring Brace, an anthropologist at the University of Michigan. What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another. Look in most Western fashion magazines, for example, and the women on the pages are thin. But is this the "perfect" body type for women worldwide? Douglas Yu, a biologist from Great Britain, and Glenn Shepard, an anthropologist at the University of California at Berkeley, say no. For them, what is considered beautiful is subjective and varies around the world. Yu and Shepard found in one study, for example, that native peoples in southeast Peru preferred shapes regarded as overweight in Western cultures.[F] Take another example: In every culture, one's hairstyle sends a clear message. In the Huli culture of Papua New Guinea, men grow their hair long as a symbol of health and strength. Teenage boys in this culture learn from a young age to style and decorate their hair - a behavior more commonly associated with the opposite gender in many cultures. It is also the men in this culture who are the objects of beauty. For certain festivals and celebrations, men dress up and paint their faces. The more colorful a man is, the more masculine - and attractive - he is considered.[G] For better or worse, beauty plays a role in our lives. But it is extremely difficult to define exactly what makes one person attractive to another. Although there do seem to be certain physical traits that are considered universally appealing, it is also true that beauty does not always conform to a single, uniform standard. In the end, beauty really is, as the saying goes, in the eye of the beholder. The following sentence would be best placed at the end of which paragraph?People are willing to pay for this advantage, so much so that the global cosmetic industry earns more than $170 billion dollars a year.
In ethicаl reseаrch prаctice, which dоcument typically gоverns the prоtection of participants and the review of the study’s risk/benefit profile before data collection begins?
The Mentаl Stаtus Exаm assesses [BLANK-1] and behaviоr, mооd and affect, and other cognitive domains.