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Dоctоrаl Quаlifying Exаminatiоn Niara Savage (U85709542) Summer 2026 Day 1 (Cognate in Psychology) Please read the following scenario and respond to each of the questions below it.    William is a 5-year-old Black student in kindergarten at Tampa Elementary School. He has recently been referred to the school psychologist (you) by his classroom teacher, who has reported that William’s behaviors and academic skill development are a significant concern. Specifically, William’s teacher reported that he is often off task, out of his seat/assigned area (sometimes also disrupting other children from doing their work), and generally struggles with classroom routines and expectations (e.g., sitting on the carpet for a mini-lesson, talks when he is supposed to be quiet). Academically, his teacher is concerned about his early literacy and math skill development. His teacher believes William would be best served in a more restrictive, individualized setting.   A review of William’s student file reveals he has missed 10% of school days and is late to school 2-3 times per week. William did not attend PreK or VPK. His fall kindergarten screening results indicates that he was below benchmark (10th percentile) in literacy and math. William does not have an individualized education program (IEP) and there is no record of any office discipline referrals or medical issues. You interview William’s kindergarten teacher who reiterated concerns about his behavior and academic skills. She also has questions about his social-emotional development given that he does not seem to talk much to his peers and generally stays to himself. She has tried to provide additional academic supports but has a hard time getting him to sit down and focus on the task at hand.   In an interview with William’s mother, she shared that she kept him at home until kindergarten because she has a flexible remote work schedule and did not need childcare. During this time, he often was at home playing with toys or playing with educational games on his iPad. His mom reported that she also sometimes took him to parks and playgrounds where he had the opportunity to play with other children. She reported that sometimes he played with other children, and sometimes by himself. She reported that he when he is absent from school or late, it is because he does not want to go. Before school and after school, he typically plays with the iPad. He typically goes to bed around 9 or 10pm. William has one sibling, age three, with whom he plays with at home. Mom reported no concerns with their interactions. William’s mom is surprised that he is having difficulty academically at school, because he seems to be good at the educational games he plays on his iPad. With William’s dad gone often and her being busy with his younger sibling, mom finds it easier to avoid setting schedules and go with the flow. She expresses concern that he does not seem to enjoy school and wants to know how she can help.   ----- Day #1 (Cognate in Psychology) ----   In your role at Tampa Elementary School, you have the opportunity to support William, his teacher, and his family. Your response today should demonstrate your understanding of the affective, biological, cognitive, developmental, and social aspects of behavior relevant to conceptualizing William’s current behavior, and ultimately supporting William indirectly through consultation with school staff. Please cite empirical literature (author only, no date needed) to support your responses.   Based on the case study presented and your knowledge of theories of affective aspects of behavior, describe examples of developmental pathways that may relate to William’s current behavioral and academic challenges. Based on the case study presented and your knowledge of theories of biological aspects of behavior, describe examples of neural, physiological, and/or genetic influences that may relate to William’s current behavioral and academic challenges; what risk factors are present? Based on the case study presented and your knowledge of cognitive aspects of behavior, describe theories of learning, memory, thought processes and/or decision-making that may relate to William’s current behavioral and academic challenges; what instructional content would be relevant for William? Based on the case study presented and your knowledge of developmental aspects of behavior, describe theories and concepts related to transitions, growth, and development across an individual’s life that may help to better understand Williams current behavioral and academic challenges? Based on the case study presented and your knowledge of social aspects of behavior, describe theories and concepts related to group processes, attitudes, attributions, cultural diversity, and/or discrimination that may help to better understand William’s current behavioral and academic challenges? Based on the case study, provide two examples of how his current behavioral and academic challenges likely result from the interplay of different bases of behavior referenced in parts 1-5 above (e.g., concepts that are particularly salient to his developmental stage)? Based on your responses from 1-6 above, how would you consult with William’s teacher?