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You have a 78-year-old patient who  presents to the clinic for a routine wellness exam. He reports feeling more fatigued than usual and mentions a 6-pound weight loss over the past two months. He also describes occasional bloating, early satiety, and mild discomfort in the upper abdomen after meals. The nurse reviews his dietary intake and notes that he consumes a balanced diet with adequate protein and iron. His physical exam is unremarkable except for mild pallor. Vital signs are stable. Lab results from last week reveal: Hemoglobin: 11.2 g/dL (Low) Vitamin B12: Borderline low Stool test: Negative for blood As part of the assessment, the nurse considers age-related changes in the digestive system. Based on this information, which age-related digestive change most likely contributes to his symptoms?

A patient recovering from an acute diverticulitis episode asks about diet. Which teaching shows best clinical judgment?

An 83‑year‑old resident in a long‑term care facility has had poor oral intake for 3 days and takes a daily diuretic. The nurse notes the following findings: Confusion and acute change from baseline Blood pressure 86/50 mmHg Heart rate 118 beats/min Dry oral mucosa and cracked lips Minimal urine output over the last 12 hours Which nursing action is most appropriate at this time?

Which statement best describes the primary purpose of the Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 in long-term care facilities?

Write letter in space provided. Which does not occur during positive feedback in the nervous system?    a. Membrane depolarization    b. Increased sodium permeability    c. Opening of sodium channels    d. Membrane hyperpolarization    e. More membrane depolarization

Place the events that occur at the chemical synapse in the proper sequential order by writing the letters only in the space provided below.  Only use the letters once.      A. Depolarization of the plasma membrane of the presynaptic neuron terminal.     B. Opening of chemically-regulated gates on the postsynaptic cell.     C. Fusion of neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane.     D. Change in membrane potential of postsynaptic cell.     E. An action potential occurs in a presynaptic cell.     F. Diffusion of neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft.     G. Entry of calcium through voltage-regulated calcium gates into the presynaptic terminal.     H. Binding of neurotransmitter to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell.       I. Exocytosis of synaptic vesicle contents.       J. Inactivation of the neurotransmitter.

If a human is lost at sea, would drinking seawater be a good or bad idea to survive?  Please state good or bad and then explain using physiological principles and terminology with which you have encountered in the course so far. 

Local anesthetics often work by reversibly binding to specific sites within the ___________.  Be specific.

Please put all answers in the space provided. 1. What is the value of the quantum in the relevant portion of the figure shown below? _________ 2. What specifically are the purple structures representing in the figure below? __________  

Regarding body fluids, the extracellular compartment consists of the interstitial fluid and the ________.