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  Preparing the skin before surgical incisions with iodine compounds is an example of an antiseptic technique

Penicillin is used to treat viral Infections

_____spectrum antibiotics target a specific group of microorganisms

1.5. A researcher is investigating how the development of country-level family policies, fampol, is associated with gender wage gap, gap. fampol could be “middle” (reference category), “progressive” or “conservative.” gap is coded as percent wage gap of men and women,

2.2. Assume that the figure depicts a linear and homogenous data-generating model with  standardized variables. T is the treatment; Y is the outcome; and U is an unobserved confounder.

1.8. a. What is the likely effect of measurement error in Parental Aspirations on its coefficient, ?

2.2.b. Considering P as a candidate instrumental variable, use Wright’s rules to express the instrumental-variables estimate for the causal effect of T on Y in terms of the path coefficients.

2.1. A student estimates the following equation with OLS regression: where  WCLAB = the proportion of the working class voting for the Labor Party in a British constituency and CARSPC = the number of cars per capita in each British constituency. Calculate the predicted vote in a district where there are 3 cars per capita. How reasonable is this result?  What would have been a better procedure for estimating this model?

2.3.d. The researcher notes that the coefficient on Female is almost as large as the coefficient on GPA. They claim that female applicants with top grades enjoy a large advantage in admission over male applicants with top grades. Evaluate this claim.

1.5.a. The researcher estimates the association between gap and fampol (additionally controlling for wage structure, strc) using a hierarchical linear model. Why does it make sense to estimate a hierarchical model for these data?