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4.2 Reflexes in animals and phototropism in plants are both responses to stimuli.   4.2.1 Give two similarities between the mechanisms involved in each response. (2)

8. Many people in South Africa eat fish and chips.   8.1 Describe what happens to fish protein in the stomach. (4)

6.2.1  Describe how the bottles can be sterilised. (1)

6. Yeast can be used to make beer. This process takes place in anaerobic conditions.    

6.1.2 What is meant by the term anaerobic? (1)

3.3.1 Kidney failure can be treated by transplanting a healthy donor kidney into the patient. The procedure involves connecting two blood vessels and a tube to the transplanted kidney. Name the two blood vessels and the tube. (2)   Blood vessel 1 …………     Blood vessel 2 …………..     tube ……………….  

5.1 Write a balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis. (2)      

3.2 The diagram shows a kidney nephron with parts labelled A, B and C.     Right-click on the following button to open Figure 3.           The following lists events that take place in the nephron. Give the letter of the part where each event takes place?   3.2.1 Ultrafiltration [a] Glucose reabsorption [b] (2)  

4.1 COPD includes diseases such as emphysema (lines 2-6). Give two causes of emphysema. (2)

3.2 When a person is vaccinated, their immune system produces memory cells. Describe the role of memory cells. (3)