A headline says: “Students who meditate are less anxious.” …

A headline says: “Students who meditate are less anxious.”  a. Identify the type of claim being made (frequency/association/causal).  b. Identify one major limitation if the evidence is correlational.  c. Name the single most important validity to interrogate first for that claim type, and write one guiding question. 

Use table below to answer the following: Study summary De…

Use table below to answer the following: Study summary Details Research question Are caffeine and sleep quality related? Variables measured Daily caffeine intake (mg); Sleep quality (1–10 rating) Finding r = −.35, 95% CI [−.48, −.20], p < .001 Sample n = 220 adults recruited from one university   a. What type of claim does this support?  b. Are the variables categorical or quantitative?  c. Interpret the association direction (positive/negative/zero).  d. Name two validity questions you would ask next (choose the two most relevant and write them).