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What does “tabula rasa” mean?

Who is considered the “Father of Modern Philosophy”?

Irradiated mammalian cells usually stop dividing and arrest at a G1/S checkpoint. Place the following events in the order in which they occur. accumulation and activation of p53 production of CDI (Cdk inhibitor) inhibition of cyclin–Cdk complexes DNA damage

 Indicate whether each of the following statements related to cancer is likely to be true or false. A cell line has a mutated Ras protein that is always active. A drug that can prevent the receptor tyrosine kinase from binding to the growth factor will not inhibit the division of this cell line.  [1] The inhibition of negative immune regulation has been used to develop anti-immune-checkpoint antibodies. These antibodies release a killer cell attack on cancer cells. This has been used for effective treatment of metastatic melanoma. [2] Because cancer cells divide faster than normal cells, they are more dependent on other cells to provide growth factors. [3] S-CDK should be classified as a potential oncogene. [4] Tumor progression involves successive rounds of randomly inherited change followed by natural selection. [5] Many cancer cells activate telomerase to bypass the built-in limit to cell proliferation.[6] Because certain mutations in tumor suppressor genes contribute to cancer development, cancer researchers should be attempting to design drugs that will inhibit tumor suppressor genes like p53. [7]

Which of the conditions below will enhance microtubule polymerization?  Indicate Yes or No for each condition addition of a drug that promotes GTP hydrolysis of free tubulin dimers  [1] addition of a drug that prevents GDP-tubulin from dissociating from the polymer [2] addition of a drug that binds to the plus end of the microtubule and prevents subunit exchange at the plus end [3] addition of a drug that inhibits GTP hydrolysis in subunits incorporated into the polymer [4]

The figure below shows how normal signaling works with a Ras protein acting downstream of a receptor tyrosine kinase.  For a cell line with an inactive Ras protein, which of the following conditions will turn on this signaling pathway? Indicate Yes or No for each condition. addition of a drug that activates the receptor tyrosine kinase [1] addition of a drug that increases the interaction between protein Y and Ras  [2] addition of a drug that blocks protein Y from interacting with its target [3] addition of a drug that directly activates protein Y [4]

Select the size closest to the diameter of intermediate filament, actin filament and microtubules from the options provided intermediate filament [1] actin filament [2] microtubules [3]

For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; use each word or phrase only once. Microtubules are formed from tubulin [1]. Tubulin subunits are stacked together into protofilaments; thirteen parallel protofilaments form the [2] structure of a microtubule. Therefore the structures of the two ends of the microtubule are [3]. [4] ring complexes are important for microtubule nucleation and are concentrated in the [5]. A microtubule that is quickly growing will have a string of [6] tubulins that helps prevent the loss of subunits from its growing end. The motor protein [7] generates the bending motion in cilia.

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.  The membrane of a secretory vesicle will fuse with the plasma membrane when it discharges its contents to the cell’s exterior. [1] Vesicles for regulated exocytosis will not bud off the trans Golgi network until the appropriate signal has been received from the cell. [2] Often, the fusion of the secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane is stimulated by the decrease of cytoplasmic [Ca2+] [3] The secretion of insulin is an example of regulated secretion. [4]

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. An antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis of a bacterium will likely inhibit protein synthesis in mitochondria. [1] The mitochondria are thought to have evolved by invagination and pinching off from the plasma membrane of an ancient eukaryotic cell. [2] Most mitochondrial proteins are translated in the cytosol. [3] Reovirus enters into the target cell by engaging with the surface receptor on the target cell, which in turns triggers the assembly of clathrin coat on the cytoplasmic side. [4] Reovirus is activated when an outer shell viral protein is attacked by an intestinal protease.[5] Per pumping cycle, the sodium-potassium antiporter transports one sodium ion into the cell and one potassium ion out of the cell. [6] The electrical potential of a charged molecule is not zero if the membrane potential is not zero.  [7]