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Determine the depth of the neutral axis “c” for beam that has a rectangular cross section with a width b = 18 inch, and a height h = 30 inch, a cover to steel centerline = 2 inch.  The steel reinforcement was eight bars 8 #9 with a total area of (8 x 1.00 = 8 in2). if f’c = 4,000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi.

In reinforced Concrete design, the BALANCED reinforcing steel ratio is the value at which (choose an option): tensile steel yields at the same time the extreme compression concrete fiber crushes (at concrete strain 0.003). tensile steel yields first and then the extreme compression concrete fiber crushes (at concrete strain 0.003). compression concrete crushes first (the extreme concrete fiber crushes at concrete strain 0.003) and then tensile steel yields. Concrete does not crush and steel does not yield None of the above

What is the min reinforcement ratio ρmin for a beam with f’c = 4,000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi. Hint (locate the exact equation from your formula sheets): ρmin = (3/Fy)* (f’c)^1/2  and not less than 200/Fy

For a beam with a rectangular section having a width b = 18 inch, and a height h = 30 inch, a cover to steel centerline = 2 inch.  if f’c = 4,000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi. The steel reinforcement was 2 #7 with a total area of (2 x 0.6 = 1.2 in2). Calculate the actual reinforcement ratio ρ

Is the section ductile? (i.e.is the steel strain value acceptable)?, for the beam with a rectangular section having a width b = 18 inch, and a height h = 30 inch, a cover to steel centerline = 2 inch.  if f’c = 4,000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi. The steel reinforcement was eight bars 8 #11 with a total area of (8 x 1.56 = 12.48 in2). 

Determine the usable Flexural Strength Capacity (Design Capacity) of the beam, (Φ Mn), assuming that you have a tension-controlled failure mode for the same beam that has a rectangular cross section with a width b = 18 inch, and a height h = 30 inch, a cover to steel centerline = 2 inch.  if f’c = 4,000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi, The reinforcement ratio is 0.0181.

For the beam with a rectangular section having a width b = 18 inch, and a height h = 30 inch, a cover to steel centerline = 2 inch.  if f’c = 4,000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi. The steel reinforcement was 2 #7 with a total area of (2 x 0.6 = 1.2 in2). Is the reinforcement ratio ρ sufficient (more than the ρmin)?

The audit risk against which the auditor and those who rely on his or her opinion require reasonable protection is a combination of two separate risks at the assertion level. The first risk (consisting of inherent risk and control risk) is that balances, classes of transactions, or disclosures contain material misstatements. The second is that

Regardless of the assessed risks of material misstatement, an auditor should perform some

When obtaining an understanding of an entity’s internal control, an auditor should concentrate on their substance rather than their form because