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A 70-year-old male with recurrent UTIs undergoes a renal ultrasound. Images demonstrate multiple fluid-filled structures located within the renal sinus that do not communicate with each other or with the infundibula/renal pelvis. What pathology is most consistent with these findings?

A 26-year-old female presents with recurrent nephrolithiasis and dysuria. Ultrasound of the kidneys reveals bright, highly echogenic medullary pyramids bilaterally. The renal cortex appears normal. What congenital dysplastic disorder is represented by this appearance?

Which of the following represents the correct sequential path of arterial blood flow as it enters the renal hilum and travels peripherally toward the renal cortex?

What malignant tumor originates from the urothelium lining the renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder?

A physician orders a urinalysis for a patient evaluated for suspected nephrolithiasis and dehydration. Which lab test specifically evaluates the kidney’s ability to concentrate or dilute urine?

A neonate following a traumatic breech delivery presents with a palpable abdominal mass, jaundice, and anemia. What is the likely sonographic finding seen within these images?

A 58-year-old female presents for a screening abdominal ultrasound. Based on the patient’s sonogram, which Bosniak category does this lesion represent, and what is the appropriate clinical management?

Adrenal hemorrhage in an adult is typically related to [x], where as adrenal hemorrhage in a neonate is typically related to [y].  

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has a spinal cord injury and paralysis. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan to decrease the client’s risk of skin breakdown? (Select all that apply.)

What is the most common primary solid renal malignant neoplasm in adults?