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Explain what the differences are between a voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) and a ligand-gated potassium channel.  Please write in comparative language such as “A does X while B does Y.” (2 pts – looking for four facts here, so state even the obvious)

Which of the following would be true about the conotoxin λ-MgIXG?

Which of the following geographic locations would most likely have the highest diversity of venomous/poisonous organisms?

This is NOT an open book exam. I will not use course textbooks, printed E-book chapters/pages and/or notes. I will strictly refrain from accessing any search engines or websites during the test duration. I will not use my cell phone to look up answers.

Mrs. Song is a Korean American woman living in Buffalo, NY who is 77 years old. She practiced Tai Chi regularly and had maintained her weight for many years. But now she has a fracture in her foot that prevents her from exercising as she used to do, and her muscle mass has gone down lowering her weight over the past 6 months from 132 lbs to 128 lbs. She lives alone and doesn’t drive so has to rely on a neighbor to do most of her shopping. She eats 3 simple meals a day and her diet consists mostly of white rice, many vegetables, small amounts of fish, and some fruit. She doesn’t drink sweet drinks or alcohol and seldom eats sugary foods. She has to eat soft, well-cooked foods as her dentures fit poorly. She has come to you for advice on her health. One Concept: Write one well stated Concept. As throughout class, this should be about a point of main concern, and something you can do something about. Other factors of a well written Concept include getting right to the point, not wordy, clearly stating the population, a standard, and why concerned. There are several different possibilities here, so do not worry about figuring out the MOST important one, just make sure yours is important. Also, you may know a standard for your concept, but if you do not recall it, you can ‘invent’ the standard such as if your Concept was about lack of iron then you can invent the RDA of, say, 12 mg. Worth 4 points.

The electric power consumed each month by a chemical plant is thought to be related to the average ambient temperature x1 and the number of days in the month x2. The past year’s historical data are shown below. Which is the response variable? Picture2.png image2.jpg

A nutritionist found a significant relationship between a person’s daily protein intake (in grams), x1x_1​, and their muscle mass index, yy.  The relationship is represented by the regression equation: y^=18+0.4×1\hat{y} = 18 + 0.4x_1.Interpret the estimate for the protein intake beta-coefficient.

Which of the following phases of healing is characterized by random deposits of Type III collagen fibers along the injured structure?   

Which of the following is the maximum recommended weekly increase in training duration for an off-season athlete? 

When examining factors that provide insight into an athlete’s change-of-direction and agility performance capabilities, all of the following are typically considered EXCEPT: