Category: Uncategorized

In 2016, Novartis received FDA approval to use LEE011 (ribociclib), in combination with letrozole, for the treatment of HR+ HER2– breast cancer. LEE011 is a specific inhibitor of G1 CDK complexes. Reduced phosphorylation of which of the following proteins best explains the underlying mechanism of the antineoplastic activity of LEE011?

?Which tumor has the most molecular changes (mutations) 

A 75-year-old male comes to your office with blood in his stool; colonoscopy reveals a circumferential colon mass that upon resection shows the below histology. Your diagnosis is: 

For a patient at home under hospice care who is in heart failure, emergency technicians are______________

A patient with a large breast mass and matted axillary lymph nodes has a needle biopsy which demonstrates infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. The tumor is estrogen receptor negative but expresses Her-2-neu. A decision is made to give chemotherapy before surgery using traditional chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and taxotere with trastuzumab (Herceptin) in an effort to reduce the tumor size and make it resectable. This approach is called.

Which of the following is a late effect of cancer treatment?

A 48 year-old woman presents to your clinic with a self-detected 2cm right breast mass. Her mammogram is worrisome for cancer. The initial step in management is:

Ras Bound to GTP is: 

Which of the following treatments would be most useful in treating a colorectal tumor that is driven by a RAS (i.e., KRAS) mutation?

A population-based study in the state of Tyrol, Austria where prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening has been free of charge for the last three decades compared prostate cancer mortality there and in the neighboring (less affluent) states in Austria where PSA testing has not been freely available. This observational study suggested that PSA-based screening significantly decreases prostate cancer mortality. One possible source of bias in this comparison is that screened patients may be diagnosed earlier in their natural history. This refers to which of the following?