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A fuller explanation of theory beyond the standard dictionary definition 

The standard, dictionary, definition of theory 

Scenario Researchers collected intelligence test scores on twins, one of whom was raised by the natural parent and one of whom was raised by foster parents. The data set consists of test scores for the two groups, boys raised by their natural parents and boys raised by their foster parents.   Select the single best answer concerning a violation to independence.

Instructions & Question In-state and out-of-state tuition in dollars for random samples of 25 private and 25 public U.S. colleges and universities in 2011-2012. Determine if instate tuition is greater for private vs public U.S. colleges and universities in 2011-2012. Select all answers that apply based on the statistical output below.  Statistical Output: Graphs Note the graph on the left is the original data while the graph on the right has a log (base e or or natural logarithm) transform applied.  Please note the scale on the y-axis, and that on the x-axis only the private category is shown but the unmarked category represents public universities.    Statistical Output: T-test (no transform) t = 5.9915, df = 25.081, p-value = 2.91e-06alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group Private and group Public is not equal to 095 percent confidence interval: 13951.51 28563.45sample estimates:mean in group Private  mean in group Public              28409.84               7152.36     Statistical Output: T test with log transform Note in the analysis below we take the log of the response variable (log base e = ln).  data:  log(InState) by Typet = 10.933, df = 48, p-value = 1.262e-14alternative hypothesis: true difference in means between group Private and group Public is not equal to 095 percent confidence interval: 1.065969 1.546419sample estimates:mean in group Private  mean in group Public             10.124980              8.818785   

Results from an Experiment on Plant Growth Description Results from an experiment to compare yields (as measured by dried weight of plants) obtained under a control and two different treatment conditions.     Levene’s Test for Homogeneity of Variance (center = median) Df F value Pr(>F) group 2 1.1192 0.3412 27 Tukey multiple comparisons of means 95% family-wise confidence level Fit: aov(formula = weight ~ group, data = PlantGrowth) $group diff lwr upr p adj trt1-ctrl -0.371 -1.0622161 0.3202161 0.3908711 trt2-ctrl 0.494 -0.1972161 1.1852161 0.1979960 trt2-trt1 0.865 0.1737839 1.5562161 0.0120064

A researcher has taken tissue cultures from 25 subjects. Each culture is divided into in half and a treatment is applied to one of the halves chosen at random. The other half is used as a control. After determining the percentage change in the sizes of all culture sections, the researcher calculates the standard error for the treatment minus control difference using both the paired t-test analysis and independent sample (see ch2) t-test analysis. Finding that the paired t-analysis gives a slightly larger standard error, the researcher decides to use the results from the (non paired) independent t-test analysis. Is this legitimate? Select the best answer.

Case Study:A 75-year-old individual with history of hypertension and coronary artery disease presented to the emergency department one week ago with complaints of difficulty breathing that worsened in bed at night, and increased fatigue. Further assessment reveals crackles to bilateral lungs and 2+ dependent edema. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) by the healthcare provider. The following prescriptions were placed.metoprolol (Lopressor) 25 mg once daily for hypertensionfurosemide (Lasix) 20 mg bid for fluid overloadlisinopril (Prinvil) 5 mg daily for heart failureONE WEEK LATER:At the patient’s follow-up visit one week later, the nurse is evaluating the efficacy of each medication. The patient complains of less difficulty breathing with activity or while lying flat. Edema is 1+/4+ to lower extremities and lung sounds are now clear. The patient is still fatigued, but is able to carry out activities of daily living.Vital signs and diagnostic testing results for hospitalization and follow-up visit are below. Vital Signs:Vitals / Date-TimeTemperature Pulse Resp.Blood Pressure O2 Sat. Hospital (One Week Ago)98.1 94 26 156/83 mmHg90% (Room Air) Clinical (Today) 98.483 16 130/72 mmHg95% (Room Air) Lab Results:Lab ResultNormal Range ED (One week ago) TodayPotassium 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L3.9 3.4 LHemoglobin12-17 g/dL13.2 13.0Hematocrit36-51%39.5 39.0Red blood cells4.1 -5.1 x 106 cells/ μL4.9 4.8Platelets150,000-350,000/ μL155,000155,000White blood cells4,000-10,000 μ/L9,500 9,300B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

True or False. Atherosclerosis is the source of nearly all coronary artery disease (CAD).

For patients with chronic stable angina (CSA), sublingual nitroglycerin may be prescribed for use on an as-needed basis. Nitroglycerin can be given every [BLANK-1] minutes for a maximum of [BLANK-2] doses for the treatment of [BLANK-3].  ​Options for blank 1: ​Options for blank 2: ​Options for blank 3: 51015 ​135 ​heart failurehyperlipidemiachest pain

A patient is ordered 2.5 grams of Neomycin sulfate. 500 mg tablets are available. How many tablets will you give? ANSWER: ________ tablet(s) Answer to nearest half-tablet (“.5” or whole number); do not add label. [BLANK-1]