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  COLUMN I COLUMN II 1.3.1 Vitamin B A.    Can be found in brown rice and wholegrain bread B.     A deficiency can result in Scurvy   [1] 1.3.2. Iron A.    Is a component of haemoglobin in the blood B.     A deficiency can cause anaemia   [2] 1.3.3. Lipids A.    Consist of C, H, O and N B.     The food test uses a chemical called Iodine solution   [3] 1.3.4. Polysaccharides A.    Glycogen is an example of a polysaccharide B.     The monomers are called glycerol.   [4] 1.3.5. Glycosidic bond A.     Found between amino acids B.     Found between saccharides   [5]

1.5 The blue button below is linked to a variety of skulls and fossils.  Study these pictures carefully and answer the questions that relate to them. TO VIEW THE DIAGRAM, RIGHT CLICK ON THE BUTTON BELOW AND OPEN IT IN A NEW TAB.    

4. Lees die onderstaande gevallestudie en beantwoord die vrae wat volg:       Ons raak almal soms moeg, veral as ons baie fisieke aktiwiteite gedoen het. Maar vir Jasmin (34-jarige), ‘n voormalige ster op hoërskool, wat nou ‘n ontspanningsloper is, gaan haar moegheid veel verder as wat sy dink normaal sou wees vir iemand met ‘n goeie fisieke vorm.  Sy het uiterste moegheid ervaar na haar lopies, sowel as spierkrampe, spasmas en ‘n ongewone gevoel van swaarkry in haar bene. Aanvanklik het sy dit net gekalk om ouer te word, maar haar uitputting en pyn het vererger tot die punt waar die voormalige atleet nie langer as ‘n paar minute op ‘n slag kon hardloop nie. Sy het sonder enige duidelike rede ander ongewone simptome, soos waasagtige sig , en braking begin ervaar. Besorg gaan Jasmin na haar dokter, wat baie toetse afgelê het en wat verskeie spesialiste geraadpleeg het. Na ‘n paar maande is daar uiteindelik ‘n mitochondriale siekte by haar gediagnoseer. Haar dokter het verduidelik dat dit ‘n afwyking is wat voorkom in die strukture wat energie produseer vir ‘n selfunksie. ‘n Algemene faktor onder mitochondriale siektes is dat die mitochondria nie voedsel en suurstof heeltemal kan verbrand om energie op te wek nie, wat noodsaaklik is vir normale selfunksie. Simptome kan insluit swak groei, vertragings in die ontwikkeling en spierswakheid. Daar is geen geneesmiddel nie, maar fisioterapie en medikasie kan die simptome beheer. https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-college-human-biology-flexbook-2.0/section/4.1/primary/lesson/case-study%253a-the-importance-of-cells    

2.3 Die onderstaande gevallestudie handel oor die probleem van eutrofikasie in ‘n ekosisteem. Lees dit aandagtig deur en beantwoord die vrae wat volg:   Ekologiese gevolge van eutrofikasie (Gevallestudie: Eutrofikasie en dooie sones)   Inleiding Dooie sones is suurstof arm gebiede (hipoksie) in die oseaan waar seelewe, insluitend visse, krappe en mossels, nie kan oorleef nie. In die 1970’s het oseanograwe/ mariene bioloë begin let op toenemende gevalle van dooie sones. ‘n Studie van 2008 het 405 dooie sones wêreldwyd getel. Hipoksie is ‘n natuurlike verskynsel wat gereeld in kuswaters regoor die wêreld voorkom. Gedurende die afgelope 50 jaar het die toename in belangrike besoedelingstowwe van menslike aktiwiteite op land egter baie kusekosisteme uit balans gebring, wat gelei het tot uitgebreide streke vir dooie sones. Die verbruik van skulpvis (bv. Mossels, oesters) uit hierdie dooie sones is een van die mees algemene maniere waarop gifstowwe van alge die gesondheid van die mens kan beïnvloed. Die gifstowwe veroorsaak dat iemand onbevoeg raak weens die verlammende effek van die gifstof en kan veroorsaak dat die persoon sterf weens verlamming van die longe. http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Case_studies/eutrophication    

1.4 The blue button below is linked to a dichotomous key.  Click on the button and use the diagram to answer the following questions. TO VIEW THE DIAGRAM, RIGHT CLICK ON THE BUTTON BELOW AND OPEN IT IN A NEW TAB.    

  SECTION A TOTAL [50]

4. Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow:       We all get tired sometimes, especially if we have been doing a lot of physical activity. But for Jasmin, a 34-year-old former high school track star who is now a recreational runner, her tiredness was going far beyond what she thought should be normal for someone in generally good physical shape. She was experiencing extreme fatigue after her runs, as well as muscle cramping, spasms, and an unusual sense of heaviness in her legs. At first, she just chalked it up to getting older, but her exhaustion and pain worsened to the point where the former athlete could no longer run for more than a few minutes at a time. She began to experience other unusual symptoms, such as blurry vision and vomiting for no apparent reason. Concerned, Jasmin went to her doctor, who ran many tests and consulted with several specialists. After several months, she was finally diagnosed with a mitochondrial disease.  Her doctor explained that this is a disorder that occurs when the structures that produce energy for a cell malfunction. A common factor among mitochondrial diseases is that the mitochondria are unable to completely burn food and oxygen to generate energy, which is essential for normal cell function. Symptoms might include poor growth, developmental delays, and muscle weakness. There’s no cure, but physiotherapy and medication can manage symptoms.   https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-college-human-biology-flexbook-2.0/section/4.1/primary/lesson/case-study%253a-the-importance-of-cells    

3.2.1 According to this label:   a) how many Smarties equal one serving? (1)         b) how much saturated fat would you be taking in if you had three servings of Smarties?  (Show your calculations) (3)         c)  Explain the link between saturated fat, cholesterol and atherosclerosis. (3)         d)  According to this label, how many grams of fibre are found in 100g smarties? (1)         e) According to this label, what percentage of the carbohydrates in Smarties, is made up of sugar? (2)      

1.5.6 Is skull E showing a chimpanzee skull or a human skull? Describe THREE features visible on the skull, you used to identify the skull. (4)  

1.2.2 Name ONE important structure found in parts 1,2 and 3 respectively. (3)