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The waste product bilirubin is produced from

Due to a plateau in action potential, cardiac muscle cells have _________ than skeletal muscle cells.

Cardiac reserve refers to the difference between the rate at which the heart pumps blood and its maximum capacity for pumping blood at any given time.

Tetanic muscle contractions don’t occur in a normal cardiac muscle because ________. Note: Tetanic muscle contraction is common in skeletal muscle due to the triggering of multiple action potentials at a high frequency.

The time when all 4 valves of the heart are closed and ventricular blood volume does not change is called _________________.

_________ are substances that delay or prevent blood clotting.

________  = EDV – ESV    (EDV: end diastolic volume; ESV: end systolic volume)

Which of the below factors would INCREASE stroke volume (SV)?

The venous blood from GI tract flows into liver through ____________.  

The cardiac conduction system includes the followings in sequence:       _______  → _______ → _____  →  right and left branches → _______