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Which reflects density-independent population regulation?I. a winter storm that kills birds with equal probability regardless of bird abundanceII. a drought that kills a higher proportion of plants when there are many plants and a smaller proportion when there are fewer plantsIII. a lethal disease that is more easily transmitted when animals are found in high abundance than in low abundance

This table shows fitness data for 2 years in a population of kingfishers. Calculate the total inclusive fitness of the primary helper, secondary helper, and delayer for both years.  Remember, no kingfisher reproduces its first year. They can either help family (primary helper), help unrelated individuals (secondary helper) or wait until their second year without helping anyone (delayers). Which strategy would be favored?   Year 1 Year 2 Male role B1 r1 B2 r2 Psm Primary helper 1.5 0.33 2.3 0.5 0.33 Secondary helper 1.1 0.00 2.3 0.5 0.65 Delayer 0.0 0.00 2.3 0.5 0.15 Inclusive fitness primary helpers: [ph] Inclusive fitness secondary helpers [sh] Inclusive fitness delayers: [d] Strategy favored [strat] Numerical answers with two decimals.  Strategy: “primary”, “secondary” or “delayer”

Fecundity is the

In Lotka-Volterra models, a population is stable when its rate of change is

The logistic growth model describes a maximum population size that is

In a general sense, the value of any asset is the

Which of the following sentences is not true about the following graphs:

A disk with radius r = 0.10 m is place in a uniform electric field of 2.0 × 10 3 N /C∙ m, and its normal forms a 30° angle with the electric field. What is the electric flux through the disk?

Which reflects positive density-dependent population regulation?I. Small populations of flowers produce fewer seeds per individual than large populations of flowers.II. Large groups of birds are better able to detect and avoid predators than small groups of birds.III. The probability that a squirrel will be killed by a forest predator does not depend on the size of the squirrel population.

Define and explain the relevance and significance of the following parameter that is used as quality control measure for biodiesel Cloud point