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When given a list of items to remember, people tend to have better recall of the first items on the list than items on the middle of the list. This is known as the __________.

The __________ appears to be responsible for the storage of new long-term memories. If it is removed, the ability to store anything new is completely lost.

Fraternal twins are __________ similar genetically than are regular, non-twin siblings.

Forgetting in long-term memory is most likely due to __________.

Short-term memories appear to be stored in the __________.

According to Cattell and Horn, the two types of intelligence that people possess are __________ and __________ intelligence.

In order to get her third-grade students to memorize the poem written on the chalkboard, Mrs. Flores gives the students stickers for each poem they can recite from memory. After earning five stickers, a student gets to pick a prize out of the goody box. Mrs. Flores is using a(n) __________ to modify the children’s behaviors.

In problem solving, the term rule of thumb refers to __________.

Reinforcement that is given for a response emitted after each hour and a half (e.g., 10 a.m., 11:30 a.m., 1 p.m.) in time is most likely to be a __________ schedule.

Mateo and Tomás are identical twins. Mateo was raised by his father and mother, and Tomás was accidentally placed with another family after a mix-up at the hospital. At the age of 15, the boys ran into each other at a football game and noticed that they appeared to be mirror images of each other. After genetic testing proved that they are twins, the families discussed some of the differences between the boys. Mateo is very athletic and intelligent and excels in basketball, but he does not take school seriously and has F’s in all subjects. Tomás is also athletic and intelligent and excels in baseball, and he makes straight A’s as a result of his strict home life and study routine. Although they are identical twins, what do you think accounts for the differences in the two boys’ academic performance based on the research?