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  Some general health risks for the development of LBP include:   CV disease Obesity Cigarette smoking All of the above  

An example of chemical irritation to nerves that causes LBP:   Exposure of the nerve to nucleus pulposus material Contusion of the nerve Fracture of the vertebra Microtrauma to the nerve, IV disc, and vertebral body

Risk factors for the development of LBP include:   Aging Occupational stresses Anatomical predisposition All of the above

The severity of spondylolisthesis is determined primarily by the:   Degree of slippage Degree of instability Degree of pain Degree of nerve involvement

The severity of spondylolisthesis is determined primarily by the:   Degree of slippage Degree of instability Degree of pain Degree of nerve involvement

Physical therapy treatment and goals are similar for patients with osteoarthritis as with rheumatoid arthritis.

With five weeks of immobilization, the following muscular changes can be  observed:   a. Strength loss of 30-60% c. Cell necrosis b. Muscle fiber size increase of 17% d. Gross functional failure of matrix  

The components of the intervertebral joint are the intervertebral disc and the                        _____:   Spinous processes Vertebral end plates Muscles All of the above

Clinically, rheumatoid arthritis is seen most commonly in the hips and knees.

Degenerative disc disease is also known as:   Spondylolysis Spondylosis Spondylolisthesis Spondylitis