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Yeast infections are generally caused by _____.

CASE 4:  A 26-year old female arrives at the clinic complaining of genital itching. The patient history reveals that she is unmarried and moderately sexually active. A vaginal swab examined under the microscope reveals numerous budding cells lacking flagella. Normal flora in the vagina typically inhibit fungal growth by _____, which is a form of microbial antagonism.

Which chemical triggers the inflammatory response?

This figure depicts which of the following antibody-mediated responses?

Acid (pH less than 7) is present and used as a defense in all of the following body locations EXCEPT:

Some patients infected with the Hepatitis-B virus do not experience any noticeable signs or symptoms. These infections are considered to be:

What is the function of the B cell receptor?

What does the lysogenic cycle allow a bacteriophage to do?

CASE 5:  A 7-year-old boy is taken to the emergency room by his mother after she finds him unresponsive in his bed. She states that her son was sent home from school 3 days earlier after showing flu-like symptoms. He awoke the next morning with body aches, a cough, a sore throat, and a runny nose. After 2 days of taking over-the-counter children’s cold medicine, he had not improved. Upon arriving at the hospital, he is dehydrated, pale, and shaky. The physician notes that he is wheezing and has slight difficulty breathing. A chest X-ray indicates pneumonia of the right lung, which is subsequently determined to be viral. Molecular examination of the virus also reveals the presence of phospholipids. Based upon this information you can reasonably conclude that the virus _____.

CASE 5:  A 7-year-old boy is taken to the emergency room by his mother after she finds him unresponsive in his bed. She states that her son was sent home from school 3 days earlier after showing flu-like symptoms. He awoke the next morning with body aches, a cough, a sore throat, and a runny nose. After 2 days of taking over-the-counter children’s cold medicine, he had not improved. Upon arriving at the hospital, he is dehydrated, pale, and shaky. The physician notes that he is wheezing and has slight difficulty breathing. A chest X-ray indicates pneumonia of the right lung, which is subsequently determined to be viral. B-Cells (and other APCs of the immune system) display antigens on their surface using _____.