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50. If a strand of mRNA attaches to a ribosome outside of the nucleus, this is known as  __________________ .

24. Osmosis occurs as water can cross the lipid bilayer through specialized channels for water movement called ________________.  

Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = tall plants and t = dwarf. What are the genotypes of the gametes that are produced by a plant that is heterozygous for both traits?

45. The process of synthesizing proteins is known as _______________________ .

41. During neuronal signaling, a change in membrane potential will cause sodium channels to open and let Na+ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient into the cell. Which of the following helps establish the concentration gradient necessary for this process to occur?  

When a polypeptide is being assembled, the bond that forms between a newly added amino acid and the previous amino acid in the chain is a ________ bond.

Mendel used the garden ________ plant for his studies on inheritance.

13. In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the organelles primarily involved in:  

20. The lipid layer that forms the foundation of cell membranes is primarily composed of molecules called __________. 

10. Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substances called a: