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Millie, an 8-week-old, female intact, Beagle dog, presents for right femoral fracture repair under general anesthesia. She is painful, depressed, tachycardic, and has pale mucous membranes. The leg is very swollen with a large hematoma and Millie’s packed cell volume is 25% (normal 35-50%) and total plasma proteins 4.6 g/dL (normal 5.5-8 g/dL). Which of the following drug combinations would be the most appropriate premedication for this patient?

Frank had been anesthetized twice in the past for minor procedures, once with isoflurane and once with sevoflurane. In reviewing both anesthesia records, the anesthetic requirement during most of the procedure, as indicated by the vaporizer setting, appears to have been greater for sevoflurane (2.5%) than isoflurane (1.5%). What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

A 4-year-old female intact Domestic Short-haired cat diagnosed with a closed pyometra is presenting for ovariohysterectomy under general anesthesia. What is the most effective method to provide heat support?

A 1-year-old, female, spayed, Italian Greyhound dog presents to your clinic a few hours after trauma sustained while running at the dog park. On physical exam, you suspect a complete radius/ulna fracture and the dog is very painful though otherwise healthy. Which of the following drug combinations is the most appropriate sedation protocol to facilitate radiographs and a bandage/splint placement for pre-operative stabilization?

Juniper is a very friendly, 1-year-old, female intact, Labrador retriever (dog) presenting for an elective ovariohysterectomy. She is considered healthy based on history, physical exam (normal bronchovesicular sounds in all lung fields, no heart murmurs, a respiratory sinus arrhythmia, mucus membranes are pink and moist with a capillary refill time of 1.5 seconds) and minimal pre-operative bloodwork (packed cell volume 37%, total plasma protein 6.0 g/dL, Blood Urea Nitrogen 20 mg/dL, Creatinine 0.9 mg/dL, Glucose 120 mg/dL). Which of the following pre-medication protocols optimize the goals of analgesia and sedation for Juniper’s surgical procedure?

For a surgical patient, which of the following statements correctly compare and contrast the difference between anesthesia and surgical records versus discharge instructions?

You join a new practice as a general practitioner. Anesthesia for dentals consists of butorphanol and acepromazine premedication, propofol for induction, and isoflurane in oxygen for maintenance. Patients are monitored with Doppler, capnograph, and pulse oximetry. During dental procedures the technician is responsible for performing dental radiographs, dental charting, cleaning, and anesthetic monitoring. What recommendation would most likely improve patient safety in this practice?

Cocoa is a 2-year-old, female spayed, healthy mixed breed dog presenting for general anesthesia for extraction of a broken canine tooth. She is given an intramuscular injection for pre-anesthetic sedation and becomes laterally recumbent within 10 minutes. Monitoring equipment is connected revealing a moderately high blood pressure [145/90 (120) mmHg] and bradycardia (heart rate of 45 bpm). Which of the following drugs did Cocoa most likely receive as a pre-anesthetic sedative?

Cooper, a 3-year-old male-neutered Golden Retriever (dog), presents for vomiting, lethargy, and anorexia of 2 days duration. Two-view abdominal radiographs (below) reveal cloth-like material in the stomach. The owner would like to proceed with surgery to remove the cloth material. On physical exam, the patient is quiet and depressed, only rises with significant encouragement, has normal bronchovesicular sounds in all lung fields, no heart murmurs or arrhythmias, mucus membranes are pink and tacky with a capillary refill time of 3 seconds, peripheral pulses are weak, and the abdomen is tense on palpation. Blood has been collected for blood work and an intravenous catheter has been placed without the need for prior sedation. The following vitals and blood work results are available: Heart Rate: 150 beats/minuteRespiratory Rate: 20 breaths/minuteTemperature: 100.5 FPacked Cell Volume: 55%Total Plasma Protein: 8.5 g/dLSodium: 155 mmol/L (normal reference range 140 – 150)Potassium: 3.6 mmol/L (normal reference range 3.4 – 4.9)Chloride: 113 mmol/L (normal reference range 112 – 120)Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): 50 mg/dL (normal reference range 8 – 35)Creatinine: 2.0 mg/dL (normal reference range 0.8 – 1.5)Glucose: 90 mg/dL (normal reference range 60 – 120) What is the best next step in Cooper’s care plan?

After tracheal intubation of a 15 kg Mixed breed dog using a properly sized, cuffed endotracheal tube and connecting to a rebreathing system, the anesthetist notices that the reservoir bag does not move with every patient’s breath. What is the most appropriate next step in this scenario?