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Ordinary window glass is an excellent insulator at room temperature but conducts noticeably when heated to several hundred °C because:

The Debye temperature of a solid is a direct measure of:

A MOS gate oxide of SiO₂ is 3.0 nm thick with 1.5 V dropped across it. Thin defect-free SiO₂ breaks down near 10 MV/cm. The field in the oxide, and the margin to breakdown, are closest to:

Two slabs of different materials are stacked in the heat path between a chip and its heat sink. Their thermal resistances:

In an n-type semiconductor at equilibrium, the Fermi level lies:

The reverse saturation current I₀ of a pn junction is set by:

At an applied field frequency of about 10¹⁴ Hz, which polarization mechanisms still contribute to the relative permittivity?

In the high-temperature Dulong–Petit limit the molar heat capacity of a solid approaches 3R, with R = 8.314 J mol⁻¹K⁻¹. The energy required to raise the temperature of 2.0 mol of such a solid by 50 K is closest to:

Phonons are the dominant carriers of heat in metals, while free electrons dominate heat transport in electrical insulators.

In the Debye model, the molar heat capacity of a 3-dimensional solid falls off in proportion to T at low temperature.