You are a researcher studying a specific population of neuro…

You are a researcher studying a specific population of neurons in the hippocampus that release a newly discovered neurotransmitter, which you have named “IOU1 neurons.” Describe an optogenetic experiment you could conduct to determine whether turning these neurons on/off affects learning and memory in a mouse model. Be sure to mention both channelrhodopsin and halorhodopsin in your description! 

Dr. Chase’s wife is a nurse and works a variable schedule th…

Dr. Chase’s wife is a nurse and works a variable schedule that does not necessarily align with times that the sun rises and sets. This inconsistent sleep schedule may disrupt the activity of an endocrine gland that releases a hormone important for sleep regulation.  Which gland and hormone are likely dysregulated in this circumstance? 

The brain has two systems that use dopamine: the mesostriata…

The brain has two systems that use dopamine: the mesostriatal pathway, and the mesolimbalcortical pathway. In the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, we use a dopamine precursor, L-dopa, to increase dopamine signalling in the substantia nigra.  1. Because dopamine is increased everywhere in the brain via oral administration of L-dopa, what side effects would you expect to see alongside this medication? 2. Do a quick google (I told you I wouldn’t make you do research again but I lied…it’s only a little bit so it’s okay, right?) and see if that’s a real side effect of the medication. What are the real side effects? What could explain them?