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Each of the following appear as radiolucent structures except one.  Which does not appear as radiolucent?

All of the following are effects of smoking on periodontal therapy except one.  Which one is not true about smoking and the periodontium?

Periodontal disease cannot be caused by nutritional deficiencies.  Some nutritional deficiencies may affect the severity and extent of periodontal disease.

The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually

Periodontal infections may modify certain systemic diseases.  Dental hygiene therapy may increase the severity of systemic diseases.

Which of the following species is considered to be the most important bacterial risk factor that distinguishes individuals with periodontitis from those who are periodontally healthy?

The rate of development of periodontal disease in a patient with diabetes is _____ times greater than that of patients without diabetes.

Increased levels of hormones during puberty can cause a(n) _________ response to plaque biofilm.

Proponents of social justice believe that environmental and social problems will decrease if

Systemic conditions that may be impacted by periodontal disease are: