A 25 year old female arrives to the echo lab for evaluation…

A 25 year old female arrives to the echo lab for evaluation of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) for corrective surgery of Tetralogy of Fallot which consists of pulmonic valve stenosis.  How would this change our usual calculation in determining the PASP?

Elaine with COPD arrives to the echo lab with shortness of b…

Elaine with COPD arrives to the echo lab with shortness of breath, lower extremity edema and difficulty breathing.  (wow, sounds like a fun echo! 😉       We obtain the peak velocity of the tricuspid regurgitant jet and see a value of 4 m/s.  What can we say about this velocity?