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True or False: The application of screening test for sexually transmitted infection to high school students who are sexually active is an example of genomic surveillance.

Using the data in the table from a study assessing the link between asthma and the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), calculate the cumulative incidence of OSA among study participants without asthma assuming no participants dropout over the course of the study. Table 1. Participant Characteristics at Baseline by Asthma Duration Status  All participants  Participants with asthma  Participants without asthma  Participants  547  81  466  Age, mean (SD), y  50.4 (7.7)  49.0 (6.8)  50.6 (7.8)  Women  284  50  234  BMI, mean (SD)  28.9 (5.5)  30.6 (6.4)  28.6 (5.3)  Incident OSA*  97  22  75  Asthma controller medication use  16  16  NA  BMI, body mass index; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea  *New cases of OSA developed over 4 years of follow-up 

Which is an example of syndromic surveillance?

True or False: Ignaz Semmelweis used data to determine that handwashing could reduce maternal mortality due to the spread of “childbed fever” by physicians moving between autopsies and the maternal ward in the hospital where he worked.

True or False: An outbreak carries the same definition as an epidemic; however, it is more often used to describe a sudden increase in the number of cases of disease above what is normally expected across a more limited geographic area.

Pap smears are routinely administered in gynecological exams for adult women for the preclinical detection of cervical cancer. What form of disease prevention is this?

True or False: Underreporting in surveillance programs makes diseases appear less prevalent than they actually are.

For the three Venn diagrams shown (Venn 1, Venn 2, Venn 3), match them with the operations that represent the shaded area of the diagram. 

The next five questions use the same problem statement probability mass function.  Let X be the number of taxis that a customer finds waiting outside of their hotel anytime between 5:00pm and midnight on weeknights. The probability mass function for X is Solve for the following probabilities. Round to the nearest hundredth. a)

An industrial psychologist has developed a test to identify people with a potential to be good managers. His statistics indicate that 30 percent of the employees in the company positive leadership traits. Past data indicates that 45 percent of those with positive traits are promoted into management, while 10 percent of those without the traits are promoted into management. b) Given that an employee has already been promoted into management, what is the probability that they had the positive leadership traits? Round to the nearest thousandth.