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The following variable will be expected to have a normal distribution. Each of the 9 students who took a very easy test scored 10 out 10.

Question 3.4.1   Scientists have noticed that ice in the Arctic is reducing in size. Name one thing that could affect how a polar bear survives in its environment. (1)

Question 2.6.2   About how much has the average height of men changed in 100 years? [ans1] cm (1)

Question 1.7.2   How do scientists know how long ago it lived? (1)

Question 1.7.1   Here is a picture of an animal called a Trilobite. It became extinct more than 250 million years ago.     Click on the button below to open the picture of the Trilobite.   How do we know it ever existed? (1)

QUESTION 1 Answer the following questions regarding evolution and fossils:

Twenty people, including yourself, are to measure the width of a room to the tenth of millimeter. Assume that everyone uses the same well calibrated measuring device such as a tape measure. All measurements are not likely to be exactly the same; some will be higher than the true value and some lower. These differences represent  random errors. If you want to minimize the effect of random errors in determining the width of the room, the better choice is to report the mean (average) of all measurements.

Descriptive statistics are used to organize and describe the characteristics of a collection of data.

Question 2.6.1   This graph shows how the average height of men has changed between 1871 and 1975.     Click on the button below to open the picture of the table.   What does the graph show has happened to the average height of men during this time? (1)

Based on your understanding of the blood flow of the kidney, the red blood cells at the pointers flow directly from the _____________.