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Tensions between the United States and Japan grew over the course of the 1930s as a result of __________.

Charles S. Johnson was a leading African-American __________.

How did A. Philip Randolph differ from most other African-American civil rights leaders of his time?

The NAACP __________.

The doctors who carried out the Tuskegee Study __________.

As the Great Depression took hold, white people in the South ___________.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. Almost all effective interpersonal communication requires some degree of self-disclosure. The very process of making friends involves learning more about each other. In the broadest sense, self-disclosure means sharing biographical data, personal ideas, and feelings. Statements such as “I was 5′ 6″ in seventh grade” reveal biographical information—facts about you as an individual. Statements such as “I don’t think prisons ever really rehabilitate criminals” disclose personal ideas and reveal what and how you think. Statements such as “I get scared when I have to make a speech” disclose feelings. Biographical disclosures are easiest to make, for they are, in a manner of speaking, a matter of public record. It is statements about personal ideas and feelings that most people think of as self-disclosure.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. Why do some people belittle themselves regardless of what they have done? People who have low self-esteem are likely to be unsure of the value of their contributions and expect others to view them negatively. These people find it less painful to put themselves down than to hear the criticism of others. To preempt the likelihood that others will comment on their unworthiness, they do it first.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. The rubber balloon is an interesting elastic object. As an elastic balloon is inflated with helium and stretched away from its initial shape, the rubber exerts a force inward to restore equilibrium. As a result, each region of the balloon’s surface experiences three forces: an outward force from the pressure of helium inside, an inward force from the elastic skin of the balloon itself, and an inward force from the pressure of air outside. Once the balloon stops expanding and reaches a new state of equilibrium, it must be experiencing zero net force; the outward force must balance the two inward forces. Therefore, the pressure of the helium inside the balloon must be somewhat greater than the pressure of the outside air.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. An airplane is supported in flight by air passing across its wings. Air traveling over the wings moves farther and faster than air traveling under the wings. As a result, the air pressure is lower above the wings, and the wings experience an upward lift force. This lift force decreases at low airspeeds, so most commercial jet airplanes must alter the shapes of their wings during takeoffs and landings.