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Describe how mutations initially arise in an organism’s genotype, affecting specific alleles, and how these changes can influence the phenotype. Discuss how natural selection acts on these phenotypic variations, ultimately driving evolution in a population. Provide examples to illustrate your explanation.

Recall that we defined list_fold bylet rec list_fold f e l =   match l with    | [] -> e    | (x :: l’) -> f x (list_fold f e l’)We shall now look at calls of the form    list_fold  (fun x r -> B)    1  [5;6] Match each instantiation of B with the value of that call.  

Consider the OCaml function my_filter defined by  let rec my_filter p z = match z with   | [] -> []   | (h :: t) -> if p h         then h :: (my_filter p t)          else my_filter p twhose most general type is:  (‘a -> [bool]) -> [alist1] -> [alist2]  

Consider the interpreter from Project 5, which given the query  query([all(Q,5), some(N,5), Q, =, N, *, N]). will return what? 

The LVOT is the connection of the:

From the four chamber view, which way must you angle the probe to obtain the LVOT view?  (on a baby)

Oxidative phosphorylation is a defining reaction of cellular respiration. Briefly summarize OxPhos. Be sure to describe the role of oxidation in this process and the molecules that are being oxidized. Discuss the role of phosphorylation in this process and the molecules that are being phosphorylated. Finally, discuss the importance of O2. Answers should demonstrate an understanding of the cytochromes, enzymes, reactants/substrates, and membranes involved in the process. The compound 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) is capable of making mitochondrial membranes permeable to protons.  Biochemists refer to it as an “uncoupler”.  Would ETC and chemiosmosis still happen in cells treated with DNP? Your answer should explain which reaction(s) would still continue, and which reaction(s) would no longer work when cells are exposed to DNP.  

In the lab, we investigated the molecular and genetic basis of sickle-cell disease.  (1 point each blank) Sickle-cell disease occurs when a person inherits how many copies of the sickle cell allele (HBS) from their parents (total)?   ____________________ Being heterozygous at the hemoglobin gene increases your resistance to ____________________

Based on the gel below, answer the following questions.  Recreate the CRC plasmid map with the restriction enzymes positions labeled on the provided paper for both lanes 2 and 3. You can turn in your scratch paper with your name at the top to be graded.   

Outline your plan of care with goals of treatment, follow up, and patient education for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions