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Lori shows you the following line from her insurance policy: “The insurer will reimburse the costs for the installation of cameras with the motion sensors.” Lori bought expensive cameras and separate motion sensors. The company only paid for the cameras. They argue the phrase “with the motion sensors” describes the cameras (meaning they only pay for cameras that already have sensors built-in). Lori argues it describes the installation (meaning the total job of installing both items is covered). Task: Using phrase structure rules, show where this ambiguity comes from. Using phrase structure rules, show where this ambiguity comes from. Determine the two readings. (2pts) Provide the rules to show how the sentences are constructed. (6 pts) Syntax Reference Guide Core Rules S → NP VPNP → Det NN → Adj NN → N PPVP → VP AdvVP → TV NPVP → DTV NP NPVP → SV SVP → VP PPPP → P NP Response Example “The orange fish swam” S → NP VPNP → Det NDet → TheN → Adj NAdj → OrangeN → FishVP → swam Alternative: Bottom-Up Parsing In the example above, we worked from S down. You can also work from words up by showing how they combine: Adj → OrangeN → FishN → Adj NN → Orange Fish “The insurer will reimburse the costs for the installation of cameras with the motion sensors.”

Morphology Problem Set: Modern Standard Arabic Examine the data below and answer the following questions. The data has been simplified for this problem. Treat each Arabic word as consisting of exactly two morphemes. Note on Notation: [‘] represents a pharyngeal stop; capitalized letters like [S] represent pharyngealized consonants (e.g., [sˤ]). Data for Problem Set Country/Place Language Man (Singular) Women (Plural) Arabic English Arabic English Arabic English Arabic English [‘arabiyya] Arabic language [‘arabiyyaat] Arab women [Sinniyya] Chinese language [Sinniyy] Chinese man [ingliziyya] English language [ingliziyy] Englishman [ingliziyyaat] English women [almanaa] Germany [faransaa] France [faransiyya] French language [faransiyy] Frenchman [iTaalaa] Italy [iTaaliyya] Italian language [iTaaliyy] Italian man

Morphology Problem Set (21 pts) Look at the following data and answer the following questions.

Syntax is often about how the brain makes “first guesses.” Consider the sentence that contains what is called a garden path effect: “The lawyer told the witness that he lied was wrong.” This is a good sentence of English, but on first or even second read, it may seem ungrammatical. (The reading should be something like, the lawyer told the witness that it was wrong for him to lie). Why does the brain initially think “that he lied” is the end of the thought? How does this “Garden Path” effect mirror the way the insurance company is reading the contract? Answer in 2-3 sentences

Syntactic Categories (1pt each)

Morphological Operations. (1pt each)

Janet lives in a town that has three gas stations and often wonders why they charge higher prices than the bigger city just 10 miles away. What kind of market structure do the gas stations represent?

Who was Justinian I and why was he important to Byzantine art and architecture? What building is associated with his rule, and why is it so important to both the history of architecture and Justinian’s rule?

Figure 15-7 Refer to Figure 15-7. A monopolistically competitive firm operating in the short-run in this market would earn positive profits.

Which of the following is a perfectly competitive product?