A 3‑year‑old child newly diagnosed with cystic fibrosis is a…

A 3‑year‑old child newly diagnosed with cystic fibrosis is admitted with increased coughing and thick mucus production. The nurse explains to the parents that the child’s mucus becomes thick because the CFTR mutation disrupts chloride movement across the epithelial cells. Which physiologic change directly results from this defect? 

A 48-year-old female client with a diagnosis of type 2 diabe…

A 48-year-old female client with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered a hemoglobin A1C test for the first time by her primary care provider. The client states, “I don’t see why you want to test my blood cells when it’s sugar, that’s the problem.” What aspect of pathophysiology will the nurse educate the client?